dcsimg

Associations

provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Chromatomyia nigra may be found in leaf-mine of Brachypodium

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
scattered, immersed, punctiform, blackish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria affinis causes spots on dead leaf of Brachypodium

Foodplant / spot causer
immersed, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph of Septoria tritici senu Rob. & Desm. causes spots on leaf (between veins) of Brachypodium
Remarks: season: 5-8
Other: uncertain

Foodplant / feeds on
scattered, subepidermal, emerging by vertex, dark brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora brachypodii feeds on dead, dry leaf of Brachypodium
Remarks: season: 4

Foodplant / saprobe
gregarious, subepidermal then piercing pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph of Stagonospora graminella is saprobic on dead leaf of Brachypodium
Remarks: season: 10-5

license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
BioImages
project
BioImages

Description

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Perennial (ours). Inflorescence a raceme with relatively few spikelets arranged on opposite sides of the rhachis and facing it laterally. Spikelets 5-20-flowered, subsessile, terete or slightly laterally flattened. Florets fertile but may be reduced above. Glumes unequal, 3-7(-9)-nerved. Lemmas 7-9-nerved, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, dorsally rounded, mucronate or with a straight awn.
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
bibliographic citation
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Brachypodium Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=137
author
Mark Hyde
author
Bart Wursten
author
Petra Ballings
original
visit source
partner site
Flora of Zimbabwe

Brachypodium

provided by wikipedia EN

Brachypodium is a genus of plants in the grass family, widespread across much of Africa, Eurasia, and Latin America.[5][6][7][8][9][10] The genus is classified in its own tribe Brachypodieae.[11]

Flimsy upright stems form tussocks. Flowers appear in compact spike-like racemes with 5-25 flowers on each short-stalked spikelet in summer. Leaves are flat or curved.[12][13]

According to an October 18, 2010 issue of "Nature Online" Laura Longo, an archeologist at University of Siena in Italy found evidence of Brachypodium and cattail (Typha spp.) residues on prehistoric human grinding tools dated 28,000 years ago from Bilancino in central Italy.[14] A related article authored by Anna Revedin, Biancamaria Aranguren, Roberto Becattini, Laura Longo, Emanuele Marconi, Marta Mariotti Lippi, Natalia Skakun, Andrey Sinitsyn, Elena Spiridonova, and Jiří Svoboda, was contemporaneously published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and clarifies that the grain residues resemble Brachypodium, based on a comparison to two modern specimens: "Among these, the grains, which are slightly angular, with hardly visible centric, point-shaped hila and adequate dimensions (in the sample measuring 9–14 μm), appeared very similar to those of Brachypodium or related genera."[15]

Species[4][16]
formerly included[4]

numerous species once considered members of Brachypodium but now considered better suited to other genera: Agropyron Anthosachne Arundinella Brachyelytrum Brachysteleum Catapodium Cutandia Distichlis Elymus Festuca Festucopsis Lolium Micropyrum Poa Ptychomitrium Rostraria Triticum Vulpia

See also

References

  1. ^ lectotype designated by Niles & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 196 (1925)
  2. ^ Tropicos, Brachypodium P. Beauv.
  3. ^ painting by the Swedish botanist C. A. M. Lindman (1856–1928), taken from his book(s) Bilder ur Nordens Flora (first edition published 1901–1905, supplemented edition 1917–1926?).
  4. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 100-101 in Latin
  6. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plante XIX (19), figure III (3 a-f) line drawings of Brachypodium pinnatum
  7. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 22 Page 368 短柄草族 duan bing cao zu Poaceae Tribe Brachypodieae
  8. ^ Flora of Pakistan, Brachypodium P. Beauv.
  9. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Brachypodium
  10. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
  11. ^ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290. doi:10.1111/jse.12262. ISSN 1674-4918. open access
  12. ^ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
  13. ^ Lord, Tony (2003) Flora : The Gardener's Bible : More than 20,000 garden plants from around the world. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36435-5
  14. ^ Callaway, Ewen (October 18, 2010). "Stone Age flour found across Europe". naturenews. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
  15. ^ Revedin, Anna; et al. (November 2, 2010). "Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (44): 18815–18819. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10718815R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1006993107. PMC 2973873. PMID 20956317.
  16. ^ The Plant List search for Brachypodium

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Brachypodium: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Brachypodium is a genus of plants in the grass family, widespread across much of Africa, Eurasia, and Latin America. The genus is classified in its own tribe Brachypodieae.

Flimsy upright stems form tussocks. Flowers appear in compact spike-like racemes with 5-25 flowers on each short-stalked spikelet in summer. Leaves are flat or curved.

According to an October 18, 2010 issue of "Nature Online" Laura Longo, an archeologist at University of Siena in Italy found evidence of Brachypodium and cattail (Typha spp.) residues on prehistoric human grinding tools dated 28,000 years ago from Bilancino in central Italy. A related article authored by Anna Revedin, Biancamaria Aranguren, Roberto Becattini, Laura Longo, Emanuele Marconi, Marta Mariotti Lippi, Natalia Skakun, Andrey Sinitsyn, Elena Spiridonova, and Jiří Svoboda, was contemporaneously published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America and clarifies that the grain residues resemble Brachypodium, based on a comparison to two modern specimens: "Among these, the grains, which are slightly angular, with hardly visible centric, point-shaped hila and adequate dimensions (in the sample measuring 9–14 μm), appeared very similar to those of Brachypodium or related genera."

Species Brachypodium × ambrosii - Spain Brachypodium × apollinaris - Spain Brachypodium arbusculum - Canary Islands Brachypodium bolusii - Lesotho, South Africa Brachypodium × cugnacii - Denmark, Ireland, France, Czech Republic Brachypodium × diazii - Spain Brachypodium distachyon - Mediterranean, Sahara, Sahel, southwest Asia from Portugal + Cape Verde to Sudan + Ukraine + Tibet Brachypodium firmifolium - Cyprus Brachypodium flexum - Africa from Sierra Leone to KwaZulu-Natal + Madagascar Brachypodium humbertianum - Madagascar Brachypodium kawakamii - Taiwan Brachypodium kotschyi - Turkey Brachypodium madagascariense - Madagascar Brachypodium mexicanum - Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia Brachypodium perrieri - Madagascar Brachypodium phoenicoides - Mediterranean from Portugal + Morocco to Greece Brachypodium pinnatum - Africa + Eurasia from Ireland + Morocco to China + Yakutia Brachypodium pringlei - Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Coahuila) Brachypodium retusum - Mediterranean + nearby areas from Portugal + Morocco to Ethiopia + Caucasus Brachypodium sylvaticum - Africa + Eurasia from Ireland + Morocco to Korea + New Guinea formerly included

numerous species once considered members of Brachypodium but now considered better suited to other genera: Agropyron Anthosachne Arundinella Brachyelytrum Brachysteleum Catapodium Cutandia Distichlis Elymus Festuca Festucopsis Lolium Micropyrum Poa Ptychomitrium Rostraria Triticum Vulpia

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN