Description
provided by AmphibiaWeb articles
Oedipina poelzi is long and slender plethodontid salamander with an incredibly long tail like the other members of the genus Oedipina. These salamanders reach 46 to 64 mm in snout-vent length but their long tails contribute to total lengths between 94 and 170 mm. Adults have relatively few maxillary teeth (42-70) and 14 to 34 vomerine teeth are present. The webbing between the long, semiconical fingers and toes is thin but extensive. Additionally, O. poelzi has 19 - 20 costal grooves. The long tail in this species is not restricted at its base and is laterally compressed (Brame 1963; Savage 2002).Oedipina poelzi resembles O. collaris but has a broader, blunt snout, wide head, eyes that are placed more closely together, and slightly longer premaxillary and maxillary teeth. Oedipina poelzi is unique among other members of the genus in that it has relatively long limbs and larger syndactylous feet (Brame 1963).In life, Oedipina poelzi has a dark brown dorsum and black venter, which are separated by a long lateral stripe that is creamy to silvery in coloration. The tail and legs are dark with dark brown splotches. White chromatophores punctuate the lateral sides of the tail and can be found along the venter. This species has a pale spot above the postiliac gland. In alcohol, the brown dorsum and light lateral stripes are absent, but the white chromatophores can be seen in present. The iris is black (Brame 1963; Savage 2002).The brown color of the dorsum is variable in Oedipina poelzi and ranges from a lighter orange-brown to dark brown. Yellowish or brown bands and patterning on the head and tail may be present (Brame 1963). This species is sexually dimorphic, as the males are smaller in size and have a mental gland, long premaxillary teeth, papillate venters, and nasolabial protuberances (Savage 2002).The species authority is: Brame, A. H., Jr. (1963). “A new Costa Rican salamander (genus Oedipina) with a re-examination of O. collaris and O. serpens.” Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science 65, 1-12.The species epithat, poelzi, was chosen after the German herpetologist Friedrich Pölz.Salamanders of this species may exhibit molecular sequence divergences of up to 13.7% and 4% in the genes cyt b and 16s, respectively (García-París and Wake 2000).In a recent study naming new species within the genus, Oedipina grandis and O. leptopoda form a clade sister to O. collaris. The clade uniting these three taxa is recovered as the sister group to O. poelzi (McCranie et al. 2008).
- Brame, A. H., Jr. (1963). “A new Costa Rican salamander (genus Oedipina) with a re-examination of O. collaris and O. serpens.” Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science 65, 1-12.
- García-París, M., and Wake, D. B. (2000). “Molecular phylogenetic analysis of relationships of the tropical salamander genera Oedipina and Nototriton, with descriptions of a new genus and three new species.” Copeia 2000, 42-70.
- Wake, D. B. (1987). “Radiation of salamanders in Middle American cloud forests.” Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 74(2), 242-264.
Distribution and Habitat
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Oedipina poelzi is only known from the Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera de Talamanca of central Costa Rica at elevations between 75 and 2,050 m (Savage 2002). These salamanders have been collected from premontane wet forests and rain forests as well as lower montane rainforests (Wake 1987). They have primarily been collected from moss matts like those found at the type locality at the stone quarry near El Angel Waterfall (Brame 1963; Wake 1987), but have also been found under rocks and logs near streams where a constant thin layer of surface water is present (Savage 2002). Oedipina poelzi has been found with other salamanders like Oedipina uniformis, Nototrition gamezi, Nototrition abscondens, and Bolitoglossa subpalmata (Brame 1963; Savage 2002).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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According to the IUCN, Oedipina poelzi is 'Endangered' and is currently experiencing a serious population decrease (Stuart et al. 2008). Up to half of all members of this species have disappeared during the last decade and the remaining salamanders live in a fragmented and restricted habitat. Population decline may be owing to the chytrid fungus as well as the destruction of habitat by farming, deforestation, and the growth of human communities (Stuart et al. 2008).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Salamanders of this species do not require water to breed as they presumably lay their eggs on land, and no instance of parental care is known (Savage 2002). Oedipina poelzi are direct developers (Stuart et al. 2008). When threatened, members of this species may remain motionless, roll into a ball, or flip over entirely (Savage 2002).
Diagnostic Description
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by INBio
El cuerpo es extremadamente alargado, con miembros muy cortos. El color dorsal es café oscuro, separado del color ventral negro, por una línea lateral delgada clara.
Tienen entre 19 y 22 surcos costales, y entre 6 y 15 surcos costales expuestos entre la punta de los dedos pegados al cuerpo. Tienen un total de 27 a70 dientes maxilares.
- author
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Diagnostic Description
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by INBio
Localidad del tipo: Cerca de la catarata El Angel (antigua American Cinchona Plantation), a orillas de la carretera Vara Blanca-Puerto Viejo, Heredia-Alajuela, Costa Rica.
Depositario del tipo: LACM 1722
Recolector del tipo:
- author
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Distribution
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by INBio
Distribucion en Costa Rica: Endémica. En las tierras húmedas, medias y altas, de las Cordilleras de Tilarán, Volcánica Central y Talamanca, entre los 770 y 2.050 m. de elevación (Savage 2002).
Distribucion General:
- author
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Oedipina poelzi
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Oedipina poelzi ist ein Schwanzlurch aus der Familie der Lungenlosen Salamander (Plethodontidae). Er gehört zur Gattung der Tropensalamander (Oedipina) und kommt nur in dem zentralamerikanischen Staat Costa Rica vor. Das Artepitheton poelzi ehrt Friedrich Pölz, einen deutschen Freund des Erstbeschreibers Arden Howell Brame.[1]
Merkmale
Oedipina poelzi erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 41 bis 64 mm, die Gesamtlänge mit Schwanz beträgt 107 bis 181 mm. Die dorsale Körperseite ist braun, der Bauch schwarz. Der lange, seitlich abgeflachte, an seiner Basis nicht eingeschnürte Schwanz zeigt auf der schwarzen Grundfärbung braune Flecken. An seiner Seite befinden sich einige weißliche, auf der Unterseite des Schwanzes nur wenige und auf der dorsalen Seite viele kleine Guanophoren. An der Bauchseite des Körpers sind zahlreiche kleine, am Kehlbereich größere Guanophoren vorhanden.[1] Ein schmaler, creme- bis silberfarbener lateraler Streifen trennt die Rücken- von der Bauchfärbung. Die kräftigen schwarzen, braun gefleckten Beine sind moderat lang mit schmalen Füßen. Die langen Finger und Zehen sind weitgehend mit Schwimmhäuten verbunden, nur die Spitzen der mittleren drei Zehen sind davon frei.[1] Der schwarze, undeutlich braun gefleckte Kopf ist sehr breit mit großen Augen und kurzer stumpfer Schnauze. Die Iris ist schwarz.
Auf der Maxilla (Oberkiefer) befinden sich 42 bis 70, auf dem Vomer (Pflugscharbein) 14 bis 34 Zähne. Entlang der Körperseite zeigen sich 19 bis 20 Rippenfurchen.
Verbreitung
Oedipina poelzi ist in feuchten montanen und prämontanen Zonen der Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central und Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica in Höhen von 775 bis 2050 m verbreitet.
Lebensraum und Lebensweise
Diese Salamanderart lebt in Moos- und Flechtenmatten und unter Steinen und Baumstämmen in der Nähe von Flüssen. Sie lebt relativ aquatisch und ist in der Regel nahe bei Flüssen zu finden, obwohl sie zur Fortpflanzung kein Wasser braucht. Weitere Habitate sind Geländeeinschnitte, Steinbrüche und Sekundärlandschaft, vorausgesetzt diese sind nicht zu degradiert und ausgetrocknet.
Gefährdung
Der Bestand ist, geschätzt, in den letzten 10 Jahren um mehr als 50 % zurückgegangen. Die Ursachen für den erheblichen Bestandsrückgang sind derzeit noch unklar. Im Verbreitungsgebiet von Oedipina poelzi wurden Chytridpilze nachgewiesen, es ist jedoch nicht sicher ob Chytridiomykose für den Bestandsrückgang verantwortlich ist. Die Art ist durch den Verlust von Lebensraum durch kleinbäuerliche Aktivitäten und Tierhaltung, Holz-Sammlung und menschliche Besiedlung bedroht. Ein Teil seines Lebensraumes könnte durch den Bau eines Staudamms überschwemmt werden. Die International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) stuft die Art auf Grund des erheblichen Bestandrückganges, des fragmentierten Verbreitungsgebietes und des Habitatverlustes als stark gefährdet (EN, Endangered) ein.
Schutz
Die Art kommt im Biologischen Reservat Monteverde und im Nationalpark Braulio Carrillo vor, zur Erhaltung der Art ist eine Bestandsüberwachung angeraten.
Literatur
- Jay M. Savage: The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica., University of Chicago Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0226735375, S. 155.
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ a b c Arden Howell Brame: A new Costa Rican salamander (genus Oedipina) with a re-examination of O. collaris and O. serpens. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 65, S. 1–12, 1963 (Erstbeschreibung)
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Oedipina poelzi ist ein Schwanzlurch aus der Familie der Lungenlosen Salamander (Plethodontidae). Er gehört zur Gattung der Tropensalamander (Oedipina) und kommt nur in dem zentralamerikanischen Staat Costa Rica vor. Das Artepitheton poelzi ehrt Friedrich Pölz, einen deutschen Freund des Erstbeschreibers Arden Howell Brame.
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Oedipina poelzi
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
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Oedipina poelzi, commonly known as the quarry worm salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Costa Rica and found in the Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera de Talamanca.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Oedipina poelzi
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
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Spanish; Castilian
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provided by wikipedia ES
Oedipina poelzi es una especie de salamandras en la familia Plethodontidae. Es endémica del centro de Costa Rica.
Su hábitat natural son los montanos húmedos tropicales o subtropicales, ríos y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas. Está amenazada de extinción debido a la destrucción de su hábitat.
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Oedipina poelzi
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
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Basque
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Oedipina poelzi Oedipina generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.
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Oedipina poelzi
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
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Oedipina poelzi est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae.
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Oedipina poelzi
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
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Portuguese
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provided by wikipedia PT
Oedipina poelzi é uma espécie de salamandra da família Plethodontidae.
É endémica da Costa Rica.
Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude, rios e florestas secundárias altamente degradadas.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Oedipina poelzi
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Oedipina poelzi là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Costa Rica.
Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, sông, và các khu rừng trước đây bị suy thoái nặng nề. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
Nguồn
Chú thích
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Oedipina poelzi: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
)
provided by wikipedia VI
Oedipina poelzi là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Costa Rica.
Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, sông, và các khu rừng trước đây bị suy thoái nặng nề. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
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