Diagrammatic section of an Ascidia, representing the three sacs and the branchial sac as the pharynx or throat: (a) branchial orifice; (b) atrial orifice; (c) tunic or test (d) mantle; (e) branchial sac; (f) gullet; (g) stomach; (h) anal orifice; (i) dorsal lamina; the dotted line indicates the endostyle.
^ aăKaren Sanamyan & Claude Monniot (2013). Noa Shenkar, Arjan Gittenberger, Gretchen Lambert, Marc Rius, Rosana Moreira Da Rocha, Billie J Swalla & Xavier Turon, biên tập. “Ascidia Linnaeus, 1767”. Ascidiacea World Database. Cơ sở dữ liệu sinh vật biển. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 2 năm 2012.
^ aăâbcdN. Y. K. Bonnet & R. M. Rocha (2011). “The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro Panama. Description of six new species”. Zootaxa2864: 1–33.
^Dominik Kneer, Françoise Monniot, Thomas Stach, Marjolijn J,. A. Christianen (2013). “Ascidia subterranea sp. nov. (Phlebobranchia: Ascidiidae), a new tunicate belonging to the A. sydneiensis Stimpson, 1855 group, found as burrow associate of Axiopsis serratifrons A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (Decapoda: Axiidae) on Derawan Island, Indonesia”. Zootaxa3616 (5): 485–494. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3616.5.5.
