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Longitude (deg): -0.9. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: North Hants. Vice county no.: 12. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Russula (Compactae). Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on this season's old Russula. Category: macro-photograph. Image scaling: enlarged. Photographic equipment used: Nikon D100 dSLR with Tamron SP T90 AF Macro 1:1 lens.
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Longitude (deg): -0.9. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: North Hants. Vice county no.: 12. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Russula (Compactae). Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on this season's old Russula. Category: macro-photograph. Image scaling: enlarged. Photographic equipment used: Nikon D100 dSLR with Tamron SP T90 AF Macro 1:1 lens.
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Longitude (deg): -0.9. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: North Hants. Vice county no.: 12. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Russula (Compactae). Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on this season's old Russula. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: Nikon Coolpix 950.
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Longitude (deg): -0.9. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: North Hants. Vice county no.: 12. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Russula (Compactae). Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on this season's old Russula. Category: macro-photograph. Image scaling: enlarged. Photographic equipment used: Nikon Coolpix 950.
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Longitude (deg): -0.9. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: North Hants. Vice county no.: 12. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Russula (Compactae). Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on this season's old Russula. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: Nikon Coolpix 950.
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Longitude (deg): -0.9. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 0° 60' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: North Hants. Vice county no.: 12. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Associated species: Russula (Compactae). Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on this season's old Russula. Category: standard photograph or close-up. Photographic equipment used: Nikon Coolpix 950.
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Longitude (deg): -1.4. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 30' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: Berks. Vice county no.: 22. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Category: notes. Photographic equipment used: "Handwritten notes scanned with HP Scanjet 5470c flatbed scanner. Most of these were named at the time, but many (most?) names have now changed due to advances in knowledge (or occasionally mistakes on my part).".
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Longitude (deg): -1.4. Latitude (deg): 51.3. Longitude (deg/min): 1° 30' W. Latitude (deg/min): 51° 20' N. Vice county name: Berks. Vice county no.: 22. Country: England. Stage: Fruitbody. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Category: drawing. Image scaling: highly magnified. Photographic equipment used: "Camera Lucida drawings scanned with HP Scanjet 5470c flatbed scanner. Most of these were named at the time, but many (most?) names have now changed due to advances in knowledge (or occasionally mistakes on my part).".
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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia
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silohaperonvierasUlvila, Finland2009-08-21
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Lyophyllum paelochroum
Clmenon (1982)many thanks to Irene Andersson (
www.swefungi.se/ ) for help with ID!These medium-sized to large, fleshy fungi appeared in the anomalously cool and wet summer of 2009 in noticeable numbers. They were fruiting throughout the summer within residential areas of Akademgorodok in small groups on soil areas with scarce grass, usually near birch (
Betula pendula) . I had never seen these fungi before and was rather confused by the appearance of such large and conspicuous yet unknown species.They have the overall stature of a
Tricholoma terreum, but their cap is smooth with fine innate fibrils and their gills slowly stain blue and then black when bruised. The spores are white in mass, smooth, nearly globose, 5-6 m in diameter.A relatively recent monograph on Macromycetes of South-Western Siberia (N. Perova, I. Gorbunova, 2001) lists two other species of
Lyophyllum with black-staining reaction,
L. infumatum and
L. semitale, however, the former has large rhomboid spores and the latter is darker and is found in different habitats.
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Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Tr.) Singer, syn.: Lyophyllum fumosum (Pers: Fr.) Orton, Lyophyllum loricatum (Fr.Khner), Lyophyllum aggregatum (Schaeffer) Khner, Lyophyllum conglobatum (Vit.) Moser, Lyophyllum cinerascens (Buill.) GillerClustered Domecap, Fried Chicken Mushroom, DE: Brauner Buschelrasling, Frostrasling, SimmerlingSlo.: rjavi zajekDat.: Sept. 17. 2014Lat.: 46.35981 Long.: 13.70139Code: Bot_838/2014_DSC4273Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; modestly steep, SE oriented mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer, overgrown calcareous sand, stone and rocks; relatively dry and warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Lyophyllum decastes is actually an aggregate of quite differently looking mushrooms. Many species names have been used in this group. Authors still have different approach to them. I follow Krieglsteiner's view (Ref.2) (without my own arguments, but because it is the simplest for me), who considers Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum fumosum, Lyophyllum loricatum, Lyophyllum aggregatum, Lyophyllum conglobatum and Lyophyllum cinerascens a single very variable species. Again and again fruit bodies are found with all possible intermediate properties forming an apparent continuum among these species. Growing in groups of several fruit bodies on two places some 100 m apart (see also observation Bot_838/2014_DSC4296 in the same day); pileus diameter up to 5 cm, viscid with young fruit bodies; cuticle thick, rubbery, peels easily; stipe up to 4 cm tall and 1.4 cm in diameter; sporocarps markedly fleshy and firm; taste mild, mushroomy; smell indistinctive, almost none; SP abundant but only after two days of collecting, yellowish-beige with slight green tint, oac13.Spores smooth, subglobose. Dimensions: 5.8 [6.3 ; 6.6] 7.1 x 4.6 [5.1 ; 5.3] 5.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.23 ; 1.26] 1.3; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 6.5 x 5.2 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, Congo red; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 307. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 114. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 208. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 220.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 275. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 174.
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Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Tr.) Singer, syn.: Lyophyllum fumosum (Pers: Fr.) Orton, Lyophyllum loricatum (Fr.Khner), Lyophyllum aggregatum (Schaeffer) Khner, Lyophyllum conglobatum (Vit.) Moser, Lyophyllum cinerascens (Buill.) GillerClustered Domecap, Fried Chicken Mushroom, DE: Brauner Buschelrasling, Frostrasling, SimmerlingSlo.: rjavi zajekDat.: Sept. 17. 2014Lat.: 46.35994 Long.: 13.70335Code: Bot_838/2014_DSC4296 Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; modestly steep, SE oriented mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer, overgrown calcareous sand, stone and rocks; relatively dry and warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 585 m (1.920 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, under Fagus sylvatica. Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to Trenta 2a, 25 m north of Trenta 2a, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Lyophyllum decastes is actually an aggregate of quite differently looking mushrooms. Many species names have been used in this group. Authors still have different approach to them. I follow Krieglsteiner's view (Ref.2) (without my own arguments, but because it is the simplest for me), who considers Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum fumosum, Lyophyllum loricatum, Lyophyllum aggregatum, Lyophyllum conglobatum and Lyophyllum cinerascens a single very variable species. Again and again fruit bodies are found with all possible intermediate properties forming an apparent continuum among these species. Growing in groups of several fruit bodies on two places some 100 m apart (see also observation Bot_838/2014_DSC4273 in the same day); pileus diameter up to 5.2 cm, viscid with young fruit bodies; cuticle thick, rubbery, peels easily; stipe up to 4 cm tall and 1.5 cm in diameter; hollow with older fruit bodies; sporocarps markedly fleshy and firm; taste mild, mushroomy, after some time slightly bitter; smell indistinctive, almost none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFFile names: from Lyophyllum-decastes_raw_10.xxx to Lyophyllum-decastes_raw_15.xxx.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 307. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 114. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 208. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 220.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 275. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 174.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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A young cluster of the widespread Fried Chicken Mushroom.
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Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Tr.) Singer, syn.: Lyophyllum fumosum (Pers: Fr.) Orton, Lyophyllum loricatum (Fr.Khner), Lyophyllum aggregatum (Schaeffer) Khner, Lyophyllum conglobatum (Vit.) Moser, Lyophyllum cinerascens (Buill.) GillerClustered Domecap, Fried Chicken Mushroom, DE: Brauner Buschelrasling, Frostrasling, SimmerlingSlo.: rjavi zajekDat.: Sept. 17. 2014Lat.: 46.35981 Long.: 13.70139Code: Bot_838/2014_DSC4273Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; modestly steep, SE oriented mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer, overgrown calcareous sand, stone and rocks; relatively dry and warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to abandoned farmhouse 'Strulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Lyophyllum decastes is actually an aggregate of quite differently looking mushrooms. Many species names have been used in this group. Authors still have different approach to them. I follow Krieglsteiner's view (Ref.2) (without my own arguments, but because it is the simplest for me), who considers Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum fumosum, Lyophyllum loricatum, Lyophyllum aggregatum, Lyophyllum conglobatum and Lyophyllum cinerascens a single very variable species. Again and again fruit bodies are found with all possible intermediate properties forming an apparent continuum among these species. Growing in groups of several fruit bodies on two places some 100 m apart (see also observation Bot_838/2014_DSC4296 in the same day); pileus diameter up to 5 cm, viscid with young fruit bodies; cuticle thick, rubbery, peels easily; stipe up to 4 cm tall and 1.4 cm in diameter; sporocarps markedly fleshy and firm; taste mild, mushroomy; smell indistinctive, almost none; SP abundant but only after two days of collecting, yellowish-beige with slight green tint, oac13.Spores smooth, subglobose. Dimensions: 5.8 [6.3 ; 6.6] 7.1 x 4.6 [5.1 ; 5.3] 5.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.23 ; 1.26] 1.3; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 6.5 x 5.2 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, Congo red; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 307. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 114. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 208. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 220.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 275. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 174.
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Also known as Brauner Rasling, Chicken mushroom, Clustered Domecap, Fried Chicken mushroom, Lyophille en touffes, and Tricolome agrgLyophyllaceaeAn edible species of fungus widely distributed in North AmericaSan Francisco, California
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.: Tr.) Singer, syn.: Lyophyllum fumosum (Pers: Fr.) Orton, Lyophyllum loricatum (Fr.Khner), Lyophyllum aggregatum (Schaeffer) Khner, Lyophyllum conglobatum (Vit.) Moser, Lyophyllum cinerascens (Buill.) GillerClustered Domecap, Fried Chicken Mushroom, DE: Brauner Buschelrasling, Frostrasling, SimmerlingSlo.: rjavi zajekDat.: Sept. 17. 2014Lat.: 46.35994 Long.: 13.70335Code: Bot_838/2014_DSC4296 Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; modestly steep, SE oriented mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer, overgrown calcareous sand, stone and rocks; relatively dry and warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 585 m (1.920 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, under Fagus sylvatica. Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from Trenta 2b cottage to Trenta 2a, 25 m north of Trenta 2a, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Lyophyllum decastes is actually an aggregate of quite differently looking mushrooms. Many species names have been used in this group. Authors still have different approach to them. I follow Krieglsteiner's view (Ref.2) (without my own arguments, but because it is the simplest for me), who considers Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum fumosum, Lyophyllum loricatum, Lyophyllum aggregatum, Lyophyllum conglobatum and Lyophyllum cinerascens a single very variable species. Again and again fruit bodies are found with all possible intermediate properties forming an apparent continuum among these species. Growing in groups of several fruit bodies on two places some 100 m apart (see also observation Bot_838/2014_DSC4273 in the same day); pileus diameter up to 5.2 cm, viscid with young fruit bodies; cuticle thick, rubbery, peels easily; stipe up to 4 cm tall and 1.5 cm in diameter; hollow with older fruit bodies; sporocarps markedly fleshy and firm; taste mild, mushroomy, after some time slightly bitter; smell indistinctive, almost none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFFile names: from Lyophyllum-decastes_raw_10.xxx to Lyophyllum-decastes_raw_15.xxx.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 307. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 114. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 208. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 220.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 275. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 174.