Strophariaceae

Kuehneromyces mutabilisSheathed WoodtuftSlo.: mala torovkaDat.: June 17. 2007Lat.: 46.22594 Long.: 13.44315 Code: Bot_198/2007_DSC9136 Habitat: North oriented mountain slope, deciduous tree forest, in a small opening, quiteHumid place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a decayed stump of a deciduous tree.Place: Breginjski kot region, next to the trail through Pradol gorge, above the road to Robidie village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC.(2) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland

22.07.2018. Kaluga region of Russia

Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland

Nouvel atlas de poche des champignons comestibles et veneneux. v.1.Paris,Leon Lhome,1911-1912.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3894932

Gemeinde Obercunnersdorf, Saxony, Germany

Gemeinde Obercunnersdorf, Saxony, Germany

Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia

Dessicated example of a brown-black spore species reported scattered in North America..

Widely reported from Europe and North America. Here in British Columbia on wood-chips in May.

2020.09.20 Tali, Helsinki, Finland

Pholiota squarrosaShaggy ScalycapSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Sept. 23. 2012Lat.: 46.33444 Long.: 13.52993Code: Bot_657/2012_DSC5076 Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, near the trail from station A of the Kanin cable car to village Pluna, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796).Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) , Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389.(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

2020.09.20 Tali, Helsinki, Finland

The shaggy scalycap (Pholiota squarrosa) grows in autumn at the spruce stem base. Its fruit bodies appear on each infested tree only once in year, then it was the embarrassing surprise when I came to the most scalycap-productive spruce in the forest and found that someone harvested all scalycaps before me. Thats how I knew that someone besides me picks this mushroom in our forest. Yes, you understood me correct: shaggy scalycap is edible and tasty, especially being pickled. And also it may shock the uninformed spectator who see it between other mushrooms in a basket :)

Pholiota squarrosaShaggy ScalycapSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Sept. 23. 2012Lat.: 46.33444 Long.: 13.52993Code: Bot_657/2012_DSC5076 Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, near the trail from station A of the Kanin cable car to village Pluna, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796).Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) , Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389.(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Pholiota squarrosa (Vahl) P. Kumm., syn.: Agaricus squarrosus Bull., Dryophila muelleri (Fr.) Khner & Romagn., Hypodendrum floccosum (Schaeff.) Overh., Lepiota squarrosa (Vahl) Gray, Pholiota muelleri (Fr.) P. Karst., Stropharia squarrosa (Vahl) Morgan.Family: StrophariaceaeEN: Shaggy Scalycap, DE: Sparriger SchpplingSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Oct. 10. 2020Lat.: 46.41492 Long.: 13.75772Code: Bot_1338/2020_DSC05579Habitat: old, unmaintained, Picea abies mountain forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.625 m (5.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: roots and base of an old, alive Picea abies tree.Place: Trenta valley, south slopes of Mt. Prisojnik, near Kranjska planina, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: A nice group of still young pilei of this interesting species was growing under an old large mountain Picea abies. This is unusual since this species more frequently grows on broadleaved trees. The grown up pilei become much larger than those shown on these pictures. Pholiota squarrosa is quite a common mushroom here. Its determination is not difficult because of its typical habit and characteristic scales all over it. Yet, mistakes are not impossible since at least three other very similar species of this genus grow in Slovenia - Pholiota aurivella, Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota jahinii (Ref.1.) Pholiota aurivella grows on Salix and is only somewhat viscid or dry while Pholiota squarosa is always dry, without slime. Pholiota adiposa has a strongly glutinous, lustrous pileus with thin scales (Ref.:7) and Pholiota jahinii is also slimy and grows only on decayed broadleaved wood (Ref.:1).Ref.: (1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si(2) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118. (6) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 608.(7) J. Holec, The taxonomy of Pholiota aurivella and Pholiota adiposa - a return to Batsch and Fries, (1998), Czech. Mycol., 50 (3), www.czechmycology.org/_cm/CM50306.pdf (accessed Nov.11. 2020)

Pholiota squarrosaShaggy ScalycapSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Sept. 23. 2012Lat.: 46.33444 Long.: 13.52993Code: Bot_657/2012_DSC5076 Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, near the trail from station A of the Kanin cable car to village Pluna, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796).Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) , Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389.(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Pholiota squarrosa (Vahl) P. Kumm., syn.: Agaricus squarrosus Bull., Dryophila muelleri (Fr.) Khner & Romagn., Hypodendrum floccosum (Schaeff.) Overh., Lepiota squarrosa (Vahl) Gray, Pholiota muelleri (Fr.) P. Karst., Stropharia squarrosa (Vahl) Morgan.Family: StrophariaceaeEN: Shaggy Scalycap, DE: Sparriger SchpplingSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Oct. 10. 2020Lat.: 46.41492 Long.: 13.75772Code: Bot_1338/2020_DSC05579Habitat: old, unmaintained, Picea abies mountain forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.625 m (5.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: roots and base of an old, alive Picea abies tree.Place: Trenta valley, south slopes of Mt. Prisojnik, near Kranjska planina, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: A nice group of still young pilei of this interesting species was growing under an old large mountain Picea abies. This is unusual since this species more frequently grows on broadleaved trees. The grown up pilei become much larger than those shown on these pictures. Pholiota squarrosa is quite a common mushroom here. Its determination is not difficult because of its typical habit and characteristic scales all over it. Yet, mistakes are not impossible since at least three other very similar species of this genus grow in Slovenia - Pholiota aurivella, Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota jahinii (Ref.1.) Pholiota aurivella grows on Salix and is only somewhat viscid or dry while Pholiota squarosa is always dry, without slime. Pholiota adiposa has a strongly glutinous, lustrous pileus with thin scales (Ref.:7) and Pholiota jahinii is also slimy and grows only on decayed broadleaved wood (Ref.:1).Ref.: (1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si(2) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118. (6) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 608.(7) J. Holec, The taxonomy of Pholiota aurivella and Pholiota adiposa - a return to Batsch and Fries, (1998), Czech. Mycol., 50 (3), www.czechmycology.org/_cm/CM50306.pdf (accessed Nov.11. 2020)

Pholiota squarrosaShaggy ScalycapSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Sept. 23. 2012Lat.: 46.33444 Long.: 13.52993Code: Bot_657/2012_DSC5076 Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, near the trail from station A of the Kanin cable car to village Pluna, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796).Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) , Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389.(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.

Pholiota squarrosa (Vahl) P. Kumm., syn.: Agaricus squarrosus Bull., Dryophila muelleri (Fr.) Khner & Romagn., Hypodendrum floccosum (Schaeff.) Overh., Lepiota squarrosa (Vahl) Gray, Pholiota muelleri (Fr.) P. Karst., Stropharia squarrosa (Vahl) Morgan.Family: StrophariaceaeEN: Shaggy Scalycap, DE: Sparriger SchpplingSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Oct. 10. 2020Lat.: 46.41492 Long.: 13.75772Code: Bot_1338/2020_DSC05579Habitat: old, unmaintained, Picea abies mountain forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.625 m (5.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: roots and base of an old, alive Picea abies tree.Place: Trenta valley, south slopes of Mt. Prisojnik, near Kranjska planina, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: A nice group of still young pilei of this interesting species was growing under an old large mountain Picea abies. This is unusual since this species more frequently grows on broadleaved trees. The grown up pilei become much larger than those shown on these pictures. Pholiota squarrosa is quite a common mushroom here. Its determination is not difficult because of its typical habit and characteristic scales all over it. Yet, mistakes are not impossible since at least three other very similar species of this genus grow in Slovenia - Pholiota aurivella, Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota jahinii (Ref.1.) Pholiota aurivella grows on Salix and is only somewhat viscid or dry while Pholiota squarosa is always dry, without slime. Pholiota adiposa has a strongly glutinous, lustrous pileus with thin scales (Ref.:7) and Pholiota jahinii is also slimy and grows only on decayed broadleaved wood (Ref.:1).Ref.: (1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si(2) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118. (6) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 608.(7) J. Holec, The taxonomy of Pholiota aurivella and Pholiota adiposa - a return to Batsch and Fries, (1998), Czech. Mycol., 50 (3), www.czechmycology.org/_cm/CM50306.pdf (accessed Nov.11. 2020)

Pholiota squarrosa (Vahl) P. Kumm., syn.: Agaricus squarrosus Bull., Dryophila muelleri (Fr.) Khner & Romagn., Hypodendrum floccosum (Schaeff.) Overh., Lepiota squarrosa (Vahl) Gray, Pholiota muelleri (Fr.) P. Karst., Stropharia squarrosa (Vahl) Morgan.Family: StrophariaceaeEN: Shaggy Scalycap, DE: Sparriger SchpplingSlo.: hrapavi luskinarDat.: Oct. 10. 2020Lat.: 46.41492 Long.: 13.75772Code: Bot_1338/2020_DSC05579Habitat: old, unmaintained, Picea abies mountain forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.625 m (5.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: roots and base of an old, alive Picea abies tree.Place: Trenta valley, south slopes of Mt. Prisojnik, near Kranjska planina, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: A nice group of still young pilei of this interesting species was growing under an old large mountain Picea abies. This is unusual since this species more frequently grows on broadleaved trees. The grown up pilei become much larger than those shown on these pictures. Pholiota squarrosa is quite a common mushroom here. Its determination is not difficult because of its typical habit and characteristic scales all over it. Yet, mistakes are not impossible since at least three other very similar species of this genus grow in Slovenia - Pholiota aurivella, Pholiota adiposa and Pholiota jahinii (Ref.1.) Pholiota aurivella grows on Salix and is only somewhat viscid or dry while Pholiota squarosa is always dry, without slime. Pholiota adiposa has a strongly glutinous, lustrous pileus with thin scales (Ref.:7) and Pholiota jahinii is also slimy and grows only on decayed broadleaved wood (Ref.:1).Ref.: (1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si(2) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118. (6) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 608.(7) J. Holec, The taxonomy of Pholiota aurivella and Pholiota adiposa - a return to Batsch and Fries, (1998), Czech. Mycol., 50 (3), www.czechmycology.org/_cm/CM50306.pdf (accessed Nov.11. 2020)

These just popped up after recent rains. The gills aren't yet exposed. I'm guessing it's in the genus Pholiota. It was growing from a rotten log, in a shaded mixed hardwood-softwood forest in southern Ontario.