Cornus rugosa Lam.

Cornus rugosa Lam. Encyc. 2: 115. 1786
Cornus virginiana Hort.; Lam. Encyc. 2: 115, as syn. 1786.
Cornus circinala L'Her. Cornus 7. 1788.
Cornus lomenlulosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 91. 1803.
Cornus verrucosa Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 250, as syn. 1893.
Svida circinala Small in Small & Carter, Fl. Lane. Co. 206. 1913.
Svida rugosa Rydb. Fl. Pr. & PI. 605. 1932.
Shrubs; branchlets sparsely strigillose with often ferruginous trichomes, at first green, soon suffused or streaked with dark red, often verrucose, the pith white; leaf-blades commonly 6-12 cm. long, 5-10 cm. broad, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, commonly suborbicular, abruptly acuminate, rounded or subcordate or occasionally broadly cuneate at the base, sparsely strigillose above, the pale under surface densely covered with white curling trichomes which obscure the minute papillae; veins usually 7 or 8 on either side of the midrib, impressed above; petioles usually 10-15 mm. long; inflorescence usually 5-7 cm. across, flat, the 4 or 5 primary branches clustered, strigillose; pedicels mostly 3-5 mm. long; hypanthium white-strigillose; drupes light blue, about 6 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 4 mm. broad, slightly shorter than broad, indistinctly and shallowly ridged, 1or 2-seeded, the style often persistent on the mature fruit. Type locality: " Jardin du Roi," Paris.
Distribution: Maine to New Jersey and in the mountains to Virginia, west to Minnesota, the southern shores of Lake Michigan, and Iowa.