Cottus aleuticus és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels còtids.
Menja, principalment de nit, insectes aquàtics i invertebrats bentònics.[8]
És depredat per Oncorhynchus clarki, el salmó platejat (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Salvelinus malma i el salmó vermell (Oncorhynchus nerka).[9]
És un peix demersal i de clima temperat (68°N-35°N).[5][10]
Es troba a Nord-amèrica: el Canadà i els Estats Units (incloent-hi Alaska).[5][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
La seua esperança de vida és de 8 anys.[27]
És inofensiu per als humans.[5]
The Coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) is a freshwater sculpin of the genus Cottus. They are commonly found near the ocean in western North America, namely Canada and the United States. It is also known as the Aleutian sculpin.[3]
While the name Uranidea microstoma has been used since 1880, it is unclear whether or not it corresponds to the Coastrange sculpin. The species was first officially described by Charles Henry Gilbert in 1896 from specimens he collected in streams of Unalaska island the year before. Cottus protrusus was described in 1933, but it has since been found to be a synonym.
The Coastrange sculpin can be distinguished from other species due to several unique traits. It only has one pore under its chin, no palatine teeth, and no distinct gap between the two dorsal fins.[4] Adults can grow to be as long as 17 cm,[5] although their average length is only 6 cm.[6] Their maximum reported life span is 8 years.[4] Breeding female Coastrange sculpins are generally larger than males. Breeding males are almost entirely black with a tiny bit of orange trim on the first dorsal fin.[7]
At Cultus Lake in British Columbia, one of the three areas where isolated populations of Coastrange sculpin exist, there exists a form smaller than the norm that lives in the lake depths and migrates to the surface at night to feed.[7] The Adults of this subtype, while smaller are fully mature save for the enlarged head pores that juveniles of the main form exhibit.[7] There is no clear explanation for what produced this phenotype, which differs from all other populations.[7]
The Coastrange sculpin is found exclusively along the Pacific coast of North America. They range from Bristol bay and the Aleutian islands of Alaska, south to Santa Barbara County, California, Though they can also be found sporadically in streams as far south as Mendocino County[4][8] There are also isolated populations in Alaska's Kobuk river, Lake Washington of Washington state, and British Columbia's Cultus Lake.[4]
Living mostly in rivers and streams, Coastrange sculpins are found in riffles and glides with coarse or cobble stone bottoms from .20m to 1.0m in depth.[7] At night, they move into shallower, calmer waters on the edges of rivers. It occurs in virtually the same habitats as the Prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and the two species encounter one another and interact regularly.[9] They also tend to encounter salmon and the Three-spined stickleback as well.[8]
Coastrange sculpins are solitary, nocturnal carnivores and known to eat nymphs and larvae of insects such as mayflies, stoneflies, and chironomids (and other aquatic invertebrates).[4][8] They are also known to eat the eggs and fry of the pink and chum salmon.[7] Their larvae are free swimming/floating and feed mostly on plankton, however they become bottom dwellers after they transform and eat the same diet as the adults, except that they take smaller organisms as prey.[7] They are also eaten by coastal cutthroat trout, coho and sockeye salmon, and Dolly Varden trout.[3]
Coastrange sculpins normally spawn in spring, when the water warms past 6 degrees C, though eggs have been found as early as January in British Columbia.[7] During spawning both males and females migrate downstream, stopping just short of estuaries.[10] Males both excavate and defend the nesting site, which is normally under flat rocks.[7] During courtship, a female approaches the nesting site and the male begins a series of head nods, shakes and flares of the gill covers. Sometimes the body undulates during the head movements, sometimes the undulations exist without head motion altogether.[7] Several of these movements are not for visual effect but for producing a distinct sound to attract the female.[7] If the male has gained interest, the female will move closer into the nest site and the male will bite her on the cheek, side, tail, or pectoral fin; the male may even take the female's head into his mouth.[7] If the female is able to lay eggs, she will always enter the nest after being bitten.[7] Inside the nest, the female turns upside down and releases eggs that the male fertilizes. Males will spawn with multiple females this way, and may also spawn with each female multiple times.
Coastrange sculpin eggs are yellow to orange in color and are deposited on the underside of the flat rock at the top of the nest. They are less prolific than other sculpins and only produce an average of ~1000 eggs.[9] Larvae are active immediately after hatching and begin a nocturnal migration further downstream, where they usually grow for about a year in estuaries before returning to freshwater.
The Coastrange sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) is a freshwater sculpin of the genus Cottus. They are commonly found near the ocean in western North America, namely Canada and the United States. It is also known as the Aleutian sculpin.
Le Chabot côtier (Cottus aleuticus) est un poisson de la famille des Cottidae présent en Amérique du Nord.
Ce poisson est présent au Canada et aux États-Unis. On le trouve en populations isolées dans les lac Cultus (Colombie-Britannique, Canada) et Washington (USA), ainsi que dans la rivière Kobuk (Alaska). Il est également présent dans le parc national des North Cascades.
Sa première nageoire dorsale est garnie de huit à dix épines, quasiment reliée à la seconde qui comporte dix-sept à vingt épines. La taille maximum de ce chabot est d'environ dix-sept centimètres. Le dos et les côtés sont brun foncé à verdâtre ou grisâtre avec des taches sombres et les côtés plus clairs. Le ventre est blanc, avec généralement quelques taches sombres en forme de selles sous la partie souple de la nageoire dorsale.
Il se nourrit principalement, la nuit, d'insectes aquatiques et de petits vertébrés benthiques (crustacés).
Le Chabot côtier (Cottus aleuticus) est un poisson de la famille des Cottidae présent en Amérique du Nord.
Cottus aleuticus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van donderpadden (Cottidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1896 door Gilbert.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
阿留申杜父魚，為輻鰭魚綱鮋形目杜父魚亞目杜父魚科的其中一種。
本魚分布於北美洲美國阿拉斯加州、華盛頓州、加拿大卑詩省等地。
本魚頭大、平扁，吻短，軀幹部橢圓，尾部側扁。口大，端位。上下頜及鋤骨具齒，腭骨則無。腮蓋膜與峽部相連。體無鱗，具皮質小刺。背鰭兩個，分離；第一背鰭硬棘8至10枚，第二背鰭軟條17至20枚；胸鰭低而寬大；腹鰭胸位，最長鰭條可達臀鰭起點；尾鰭截形，臀鰭軟條12至15枚。體深褐色到呈綠色或淺灰色的背面與側邊，側邊顏色淡，腹部區域白色；通常在背鰭的軟棘部位之下的二或三個像黑色鞍狀斑塊一樣的斑塊；在背鰭、臀鰭、胸鰭與尾鰭上的深色的橫帶；在生育期的雄魚的刺狀背鰭上的橘色的邊緣。體長可達17公分。
本魚棲息於礫石與湖泊到大型河川與岩岸的碎石急流。屬夜行性及肉食性魚類，以水生昆蟲與底棲的無脊椎動物為食。
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