Treron Vieillot 1816

^{Kwa matumizi taofauti ya jina hili angalia hapa Ninga (Njombe)}

Ninga ni ndege wa nusufamilia Treroninae katika familia Columbidae. Spishi nyingi zina rangi ya majani na manjano, nyingine zina rangi ya buluu. Spishi hizi zinatokea Afrika na Asia. Hula matunda, hususa matini. Hulijenga tago lao mitini na jike huyataga mayai mawili.

Spishi za Afrika

• Alectroenas madagascariensis, Ninga Buluu wa Madagaska (Madagascar Blue Pigeon)
• Alectroenas nitidissima, Ninga Buluu wa Morisi (Mauritius Blue Pigeon) imekwisha sasa (miaka ya 1830)
• Alectroenas pulcherrimus Ninga Buluu wa Shelisheli ( Seychelles Blue Pigeon)
• Alectroenas sganzini, Ninga Buluu wa Komori (Comoro Blue Pigeon)
• Treron australis, Ninga wa Madagaska (Madagascar Green Pigeon)
• Treron calvus, Ninga wa Afrika (African Green Pigeon)
• Treron griveaudi, Ninga wa Komori (Comoros Green Pigeon)
• Treron pembaensis, Ninga wa Pemba (Pemba Green Pigeon)
• Treron sanctithomae, Ninga wa Sao Tome (São Tomé Green Pigeon)
• Treron waalia, Ninga tumbo-njano (Bruce's Green Pigeon)

Spishi za Asia

• Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa (Sombre Pigeon)
• Drepanoptila holosericea (Cloven-feathered Dove)
• Ducula aenea (Green Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula aurorae (Polynesian Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula badia (Mountain Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula bakeri (Vanuatu Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula basilica (Cinnamon-bellied Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula bicolor (Pied Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula brenchleyi (Chestnut-bellied Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula carola (Spotted Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula chalconota (Rufescent Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula cineracea (Timor Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula concinna (Elegant Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula constans (Kimberley Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula finschii (Finsch's Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula forsteni (White-bellied Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula galeata (Marquesan Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula goliath (Goliath Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula lacernulata (Dark-backed Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula latrans (Barking Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula luctuosa (Silver-tipped Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula melanochroa (Black Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula mindorensis (Mindoro Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula mullerii (Collared Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula myristicivora (Spice Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula neglecta (Seram Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula nicobarica (Nicobar Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula oceanica (Micronesian Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula pacifica (Pacific Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula perspicillata (White-eyed Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula pickeringii (Grey Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula pinon (Pinon's Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula pistrinaria (Island Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula poliocephala (Pink-bellied Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula radiata (Grey-headed Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula rosacea (Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula rubricera (Red-knobbed Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula rufigaster (Purple-tailed Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula spilorrhoa (Torresian Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula subflavescens (Yellowish Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula whartoni (Christmas Imperial Pigeon)
• Ducula zoeae (Zoe's Imperial Pigeon)
• Gymnophaps albertisii (Papuan Mountain Pigeon)
• Gymnophaps mada (Buru Mountain Pigeon)
• Gymnophaps solomonensis (Pale Mountain Pigeon)
• Gymnophaps stalkeri (Seram Mountain Pigeon)
• Hemiphaga chathamensis (Chatham Pigeon)
• Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae (New Zealand Pigeon)
• Lopholaimus antarcticus (Topknot Pigeon)
• Phapitreron amethystina (Amethyst Brown Dove)
• Phapitreron brunneiceps (Mindanao Brown-dove)
• Phapitreron cinereiceps (Tawitawi Brown Dove)
• Phapitreron leucotis (White-eared Brown Dove)
• Ptilinopus alligator (Black-banded Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus arcanus (Negros Fruit Dove) – labda imekwisha sasa (mwisho wa karne ya 20?)
• Ptilinopus aurantiifrons (Orange-fronted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus bernsteinii (Scarlet-breasted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus chalcurus (Makatea Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus cinctus (Black-backed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus coralensis (Atoll Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus coronulatus (Coroneted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus dohertyi (Red-naped Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii (White-capped Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus epius (Oberholser's Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus eugeniae (White-headed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus fischeri (Red-eared Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus granulifrons (Carunculated Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus greyi (Red-bellied Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus huttoni (Rapa Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus hyogaster (Grey-headed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus insolitus (Knob-billed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus insularis (Scarlet-capped Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus iozonus (Orange-bellied Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus jambu (Jambu Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus layardi (Whistling Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus leclancheri (Black-chinned Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus luteovirens (Golden Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus magnificus (Wompoo Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus mangoliensis (Sula Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus marchei (Flame-breasted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus melanospilus (Black-naped Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus mercierii (Red-moustached Fruit Dove) – imekwisha sasa (kati ya karne ya 20)
• Ptilinopus merrilli (Cream-breasted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus monacha (Blue-capped Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus nanus (Dwarf Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus occipitalis (Yellow-breasted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus ornatus (Ornate Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus pelewensis (Palau Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus perlatus (Pink-spotted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus perousii (Many-colored Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus porphyraceus (Crimson-crowned Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus porphyreus (Pink-headed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus pulchellus (Beautiful Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus purpuratus (Grey-green Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus rarotongensis (Lilac-crowned Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus regina (Rose-crowned Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus richardsii (Silver-capped Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus rivoli (White-bibbed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus roseicapilla (Mariana Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus solomonensis (Yellow-bibbed Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus subgularis (Banggai Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus superbus (Superb Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus tannensis (Tanna Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus victor (Orange Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus viridis (Claret-breasted Fruit Dove)
• Ptilinopus wallacii (Wallace's Fruit Dove)
• Treron affinis (Grey-fronted Green Pigeon)
• Treron apicauda (Pin-tailed Green Pigeon)
• Treron aromaticus (Buru Green Pigeon)
• Treron axillaris (Philippine Green Pigeon)
• Treron bicinctus (Orange-breasted Green Pigeon)
• Treron capellei (Large Green Pigeon)
• Treron chloropterus (Andaman Green Pigeon)
• Treron curvirostra (Thick-billed Green Pigeon)
• Treron floris (Flores Green Pigeon)
• Treron formosae (Whistling Green Pigeon)
• Treron fulvicollis (Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon)
• Treron griseicauda (Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon)
• Treron olax (Little Green Pigeon)
• Treron oxyurus (Sumatran Green Pigeon)
• Treron phayrei (Ashy-headed Green Pigeon)
• Treron phoenicopterus (Yellow-footed Green Pigeon)
• Treron pompadora (Sri Lanka Green Pigeon)
• Treron psittaceus (Timor Green Pigeon)
• Treron seimundi (Yellow-vented Green Pigeon)
• Treron sieboldii (White-bellied Green Pigeon)
• Treron sphenurus (Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon)
• Treron teysmannii (Sumba Green Pigeon)
• Treron vernans (Pink-necked Green Pigeon)

Spishi za kabla ya historia

• Ducula david (Steadman's Imperial Pigeon, 'Eua (Tonga) na Wallis Island)
• Ducula harrisoni (Henderson Island Imperial Pigeon, Kisiwa cha Henderson, Pasifiki ya Kusini)
• Ducula lakeba (Lakeba Imperial Pigeon, Lakeba, Fiji)
• Ducula cf. galeata (Visiwa vya Cook) - labda spishi mpya
• Ducula cf. galeata (Visiwa vya Society) - labda spishi mpya
• Ducula sp. (Tongan Imperial Pigeon, 'Eua, Foa and Lifuka, Tonga) - labda ni D. david, D. lakeba au spishi mpya
• Ducula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) - labda ni D. lakeba
• Ptilinopus sp. (Tubuai Fruit Dove, Tubuai, Visiwa vya Austral)

Picha

• Ninga Buluu wa Shelisheli

• Green imperial pigeon

• Pied imperial pigeon

• Peale's imperial pigeon

• Collared imperial pigeon

• Pinon imperial pigeon

• Pink-bellied imperial pigeon

• Papuan Mountain Pigeon

• New Zealand Pigeon

• Jambu fruit dove

• Wompoo fruit dove

• Black-naped fruit dove

• Ornate fruit dove

• Pink-headed fruit dove

• Beautiful fruit dove

• Mariana fruit dove

• Golden dove

• Thick-billed Green Pigeon

• Yellow-footed Green Pigeon

• Pompadour Green Pigeon

• White-bellied Green Pigeon

• Pink-necked Green Pigeon

હરીત કપોતએ કપોત કુળના એવા પક્ષીઓની પ્રજાતિ છે કે જે મોટે ભાગે લીલા રંગના હોય છે. આ પ્રજાતિ એશીયા અને આફ્રિકામાં પ્રસરેલી છે. આ પ્રજાતિમાં કુલ ૨૩ જાતિઓનો સમાવેશ થાય છે અને આ બધા જ એમના વિલક્ષણ લીલારંગને લીધે "હરીત કપોત" એવા સર્વનામે ઓળખવામાં આવે છે. એેમનો આ લીલો રંગ એમના ખોરાકમાંના કેરોટેનોઇડ (અં:carotenoid) નામના રંગકણોને લીધે આવે છે. હરીત કપોત પ્રજાતિનો મુખ્ય ખોરાક ફળ, દાણા અને ગરવાળા ફળો છે. આ પ્રજાતી મોટેભાગે વૃક્ષો પર વસે છે અને વિવિઘ પ્રકારની વનરાજી પસંદ કરે છે. આ પ્રજાતિના પક્ષીઓને લંબ-પૂચ્છ, મધ્યમ-પૂચ્છ અને ફાચરાકાર-પૂચ્છ એેવી જાતીઓમાં વિભજીત કરવામાં આવે છે. ઘણાખરા હરીત કપોત પ્રજાતિના પક્ષીઓમાં નર અને માદાને તેમના રંગ પરથી અલગ ઓળખી શકાય છે.

જાતિઓ

1. તજરંગી માથાવાળુ હરીત કપોત (અં: Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon) (વૈ:Treron fulvicollis)
2. નાનુ હરીત કપોત (અં: Little Green Pigeon) (વૈ:Treron olax)
3. ગુલાબી ગરદનવાળુ હરીત કપોત (અં:Pink-necked Green Pigeon) (વૈ:Treron vernans)
4. કેસરી છાતીવાળુ હરીત કપોત (અં:Orange-breasted Green Pigeon) (વૈ:Treron bicinctus)
5. Pompadour Green Pigeon complex:
   1. Sri Lanka Green Pigeon (Treron pompadora)
   2. Grey-fronted Green Pigeon (Treron affinis)
   3. Andaman Green Pigeon (Treron chloropterus)
   4. Ashy-headed Green Pigeon (Treron phayrei)
   5. Philippine Green Pigeon (Treron axillaris)
   6. Buru Green Pigeon (Treron aromaticus)
6. Thick-billed Green Pigeon (Treron curvirostra)
7. Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon (Treron griseicauda)
8. Sumba Green Pigeon (Treron teysmannii)
9. Flores Green Pigeon (Treron floris)
10. Timor Green Pigeon (Treron psittaceus)
11. Large Green Pigeon (Treron capellei)
12. હરીયલ (અં: Yellow-footed Green Pigeon (વૈ:Treron phoenicopterus))
13. Bruce's Green Pigeon (Treron waalia)
14. Madagascar Green Pigeon (Treron australis)
    1. Comoros Green Pigeon (Treron (australis) comorensis)
15. African Green Pigeon (Treron calvus)
16. Pemba Green Pigeon (Treron pembaensis)
17. São Tomé Green Pigeon (Treron sanctithomae)
18. Pin-tailed Green Pigeon (Treron apicauda)
19. Sumatran Green Pigeon (Treron oxyurus)
20. Yellow-vented Green Pigeon (Treron seimundi)
21. Wedge-tailed Green Pigeon (Treron sphenurus)
22. White-bellied Green Pigeon (Treron sieboldii)
23. Whistling Green Pigeon (Treron formosae)

ငူသည် ခို၊ချိုးငှက်တို့နှင့်အတူ 'ကိုလံဗီဒီ'မျိုးရင်းတွင် ပါဝင်သည်။ ငူ၌ စိမ်းစိုသော အမွေးအတောင်များ ရှိ၏။ ငူအမျိုးပေါင်း များပြားသဖြင့် တစ်မျိုးနှင့်တစ်မျိုးကို ခွဲခြား၍ သိရန်မှာ မလွယ်ကူချေ။ အထူးသဖြင့် ငူအမများကို အမျိုးခွဲခြား သိရန်မှာ သာ၍ပင် ခက်ခဲသည်။

ငူတို့သည် အအုပ်အသင်းနှင့် နေတတ်ကြသည်။ ညောင်ပင်များ၌ များသောအားဖြင့် ကျက်စားတတ်ကြသည်။ သစ်ပင်ထက်၌ နားနေကြစဉ် သစ်ရွက်စိမ်းများနှင့် ခွဲခြား၍ မရနိုင်ပေ။ လေချွန်သံဖြင့် အော်မြည်ကြသောအခါမှ ယင်းတို့ ရှိမှန်းကို သိကြရသည်။ ငူ၏ ကိုယ်အရှည်အလျားမှာ ၁ဝ လက်မ၊ ၁၂ လက်မခန့် ရှိသည်။ ကိုယ်၏ အလုံးအထည်မှာ အလျားနှင့် လိုက်လျောစွာ ရှိသဖြင့် ကြည့်၍ကောင်းသော ငှက်မျိုး ဖြစ် လေသည်။ ထိုငှက်၏ခြေများသည် သစ်ပင်တက်နိုင်ရန်အတွက် ကျယ်ပြန့်၍ သန်စွမ်း၏။

ငူတို့တွင် ခြေဝါငူ၊ ရင်ပတ်ဝါငူ၊ နှုတ်သီးထူငူ စသည်ဖြင့် ငူအမျိုးမျိုး ရှိသည်။ ယင်းတို့ကို နီပေါနိုင်ငံ၊ အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ၊ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၊ သီရိလင်္ကာနိုင်ငံ၊ အင်ဒိုချိုင်းနား၊ မလေးရှားကျွန်းဆွယ်၊ ဂျာဗားကျွန်းတို့၌ တွေ့ရသည်။ ^[၂]

ပုံများ

• T. p. phayrei (male above, female below)

• T. p. aromatica (male in foreground, female behind)

• T. p. axillaris (male in foreground, female behind)

• T. p. pompadora (male)

ကိုးကား

1. ↑ Treron pompadora။ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4။ International Union for Conservation of Nature (2009)။ 18 November 2010 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
2. ↑ မြန်မာ့စွယ်စုံကျမ်း၊ အတွဲ(၃)