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This is one of the most remarkable of all army ant species. It has an extremely broad ecological tolerance. It occurs across a great latitudinal range, from the equator to the subtropics of both North and South America. It occurs in dry forest and wet forest, in primary forest and in second growth, in coffee farms and pastures, and in suburban yards. It occurs from sea level to high montane regions. The highest ant record I have for Costa Rica, a collection at 3000m near Villa Mills, is Labidus coecus.
The species is almost entirely subterranean, sometimes at considerable depth. On two occasions when residents living near La Selva Biological Station were having water wells dug at their residences they encountered L. coecus several meters down during excavations. When hand collecting, L. coecus is encountered under rocks and under leaf litter, and they are frequent in Winkler samples of sifted leaf litter. Perfecto (1992) observed a subterranean colony attacking a series of Dorymyrmex colonies in the open soil of a coffee farm. The Dorymyrmex had a dense population, with nests scattered over the farm, and the progress of the attacks could be followed by observing a sequence of nests from which the panicked Dorymyrmex workers were exploding to the surface.
Columns are occasionally seen on the surface. In Sirena station in Corcovado National Park, during my graduate student days, nocturnal L. coecus raids would occasionally swarm up through the cracks in the kitchen floor and forage on food scraps on the floor. I discovered this while carrying out my own nocturnal raids on the park's crackers and jelly, creeping in in the dark and hopping out with stinging feet. Twice I have seen columns emerging from the ground and attacking large scarab larvae writhing on the surface. Columns will also surface to cross hard-packed footpaths.
Labidus coecus is atypical of other New World army ants in its more generalized foraging habits. Although much of its diet is the brood of other ant species, they also scavenge dead food items, such as the scraps on the kitchen floor in Sirena. One morning in Monteverde I observed a massive raid emerging from the ground and attacking a plate of left over gallo pinto (rice and beans fried in oil) that had been left on a back step. It was curious and somewhat comical to see workers vigorously attacking oily rice grains with the same behaviors they use to attack other ants, biting and stinging individual grains and hauling them away (Fig. 1a,b).
In the study of army ants, most of the attention has focused on the large epigaeus species in the genus Eciton. But the highest density and most ecologically important army ants may turn out to be L. coecus. Kaspari and O'Donnell (2003) have estimated that every square meter of rainforest floor may be visited nearly daily by army ants, largely due to high densities of L. coecus found in sample plots of rainforest leaf litter.
Southern USA to Argentina. Costa Rica: throughout.
Taxonomic history
Roger, 1861a PDF: 22 (w.); Emery, 1895d PDF: 258 (m.); Bruch, 1934b PDF: 116 (q.); Weber, 1941c PDF: 325 (q.); Wheeler, 1943 PDF: 332 (l.).Combination in Labidus: Jurine, 1807 PDF: 282.Combination in Nycteresia: Roger, 1861a PDF: 22.Combination in Eciton: Mayr, 1886b PDF: 119.Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Santschi, 1924b PDF: 11.Combination in Labidus: Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86.[Note: Labidus coecus entered as a junior synonym of Formica omnivora, sensu: Olivier, 1792, by Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 5, Emery, 1894d PDF: 179, Forel, 1895b PDF: 120, and others. Synonymy error based on earlier misidentification of Formica omnivora: see note under Formica omnivora.].Status as species: Jurine, 1807 PDF: 282; Roger, 1861a PDF: 22; Roger, 1863b PDF: 21; Mayr, 1863a PDF: 436; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 77 (in key); Mayr, 1886a PDF: 33; Mayr, 1886b PDF: 119 (in key); Mayr, 1886d PDF: 440; Cresson, 1887 PDF: 259; Emery, 1888c PDF: 353; Emery, 1890b PDF: 56; Emery, 1890c PDF: 38; Emery, 1894l PDF: 45; Emery, 1895d PDF: 258; Emery, 1896h PDF: 625; Forel, 1899b PDF: 25; Forel, 1899j: 273; Emery, 1900e: 186, 193; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 158; Emery, 1906c PDF: 108; Forel, 1907h PDF: 1; Forel, 1908c PDF: 40; Forel, 1908 PDF: 346; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Forel, 1909a PDF: 249; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Wheeler, 1910a PDF: 562; Forel, 1911g PDF: 256; Forel, 1912d PDF: 43; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 35; Forel, 1914e: 10; Bruch, 1914 PDF: 215; Wheeler, 1914c PDF: 40; Mann, 1916 PDF: 421; Crawley, 1916b PDF: 368; Santschi, 1916b PDF: 510; Luederwaldt, 1918 PDF: 37; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Wheeler, 1921d PDF: 310; Mann, 1922 PDF: 19; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Wheeler, 1923a PDF: 2; Santschi, 1923g PDF: 1261; Wheeler, 1925a: 2; Wheeler, 1925a: 2; Menozzi, 1927c PDF: 267; Menozzi, 1931b PDF: 260; Kutter, 1932 PDF: 207; Borgmeier, 1934 PDF: 93; Bruch, 1934b PDF: 119; Eidmann, 1936a PDF: 28; Borgmeier, 1936b PDF: 57; Stitz, 1937b PDF: 132; Weber, 1941c PDF: 325; Wheeler, 1943 PDF: 332; Borgmeier, 1948b PDF: 459; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 62; Smith, 1951c PDF: 779; Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 15; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86 (redescription); Smith, 1958c PDF: 108; Kempf, 1960e: 387; Kempf, 1961b PDF: 485; Smith, 1967a PDF: 345; Kempf, 1970c PDF: 323; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 126; Kempf & Lenko, 1976 PDF: 47; Watkins, 1976 PDF: 8 (in key); Smith, 1979: 1328; Watkins, 1982 PDF: 209 (in key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1984a PDF: 272; Watkins, 1985 PDF: 481; Bolton, 1995b: 219; Palacio, 1999: 154 (in key); Wild, 2007b PDF: 25; Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012 PDF: 254; Bezděčková et al., 2015 PDF: 110; Palacio, 2019 PDF: 607.Senior synonym of Labidus atriceps: Emery, 1900e: 186, 193; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 16; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus coecus biloba: Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 16; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus coecus elsbethae: Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 16; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus erratica: Mayr, 1886b PDF: 119; Forel, 1899b PDF: 26; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 158; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 36; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 16; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus fulvescens: Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 35; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus grassator: Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus incerta: André, in Forel, 1899b PDF: 160 (footnote); Emery, 1900e: 193; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 158; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Wheeler, 1911g PDF: 171; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 36; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 327; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Bruch, 1934b PDF: 116; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus jurinii: Mayr, 1886a PDF: 33; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 35; Bruch, 1934b PDF: 115; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 15; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus coecus kulowi: Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus latreillii: Emery, 1895d PDF: 258; Emery, 1900e: 186, 193; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 158; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Wheeler, 1911g PDF: 165; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 35; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus nigrita: Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus coecus opacifrons: Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 19; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus panzeri: Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 16; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus pilosus: Emery, 1900e: 187; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 36; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus rubra: Emery, 1895d PDF: 258; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 158; Wheeler, 1902g PDF: 26; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 35; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 327; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Smith, 1951c PDF: 779; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus coecus saji: Emery, 1895d PDF: 258; Emery, 1900e: 186; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 35; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Smith, 1951c PDF: 779; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus selysi: Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 36; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 327; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus serpentis: Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus coecus servillei: Forel, 1899b PDF: 26; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 17; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus smithii: Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 159; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 36; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 327; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Senior synonym of Labidus vastator: Mayr, 1865 PDF: 78; Forel, 1899b PDF: 26; Wheeler & Long, 1901 PDF: 158; Wheeler, 1908h PDF: 408; Emery, 1910b PDF: 22; Santschi, 1913h PDF: 36; Gallardo, 1920 PDF: 326; Borgmeier, 1923: 41; Creighton, 1950a PDF: 63; Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 16; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Material of the unavailable name Eciton coecum servillei hostilis referred here by Borgmeier, 1953 PDF: 14; Borgmeier, 1955 PDF: 86; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 127; Smith, 1979: 1328; Bolton, 1995b: 219.Amambay, Boquerón , Caaguazú , Canindeyú , Central, Concepción , Cordillera, Guairá , Itapúa , Ñeembucú , San Pedro, “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (ALWC, IFML, INBP, LACM, MCSN, MZSP, NHMW). Literature records: “Paraguay” (s. loc.) (Borgmeier 1955, Emery 1894a, Emery 1896b, Santschi 1916, Wheeler 1921).
Labidus coecus is a species of army ant in the family Formicidae found in Central and South America.[1][2][3][4] It has been witnessed predating upon Podocnemis turtles.[5]
Labidus coecus is a species of army ant in the family Formicidae found in Central and South America. It has been witnessed predating upon Podocnemis turtles.
Labidus coecus is een mierensoort uit de onderfamilie van de Ecitoninae.[1][2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1802 door Latreille.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Labidus coecus (лат.) — вид подземных кочевых муравьёв рода Labidus из подсемейства Ecitoninae (Formicidae).
Новый Свет (Америка). Один из самых широко распространённых видов кочевых муравьёв, встречающийся от уровня моря до высокогорий (3000 м в Коста-Рике) и от южных штатов США на севере ареала до Аргентины и Парагвая на юге. [1][2]
Ведут полуподземный кочевой образ жизни, иногда на значительной глубине (известны два случая, когда строители колодцев находили их на глубине несколько метров).[1] Скапус короткий (длина равна его пятикратной апикальной ширине), он вдвое короче длины головы крупных рабочих. Стебелёк между грудкой и брюшком состоит из двух члеников. Узелки петиоля и постпетиоля примерно равной длины. Петиоль с антеровентральным зубцом. Окраска от красноватой до тёмно-коричневой. Наружные покровы тела гладкие и блестящие. Базальная поверхность проподеума длиннее своей ширины. Проподеум рабочих без зубцов или выступов. Каста солдат без серповидных челюстей. Передний край наличника у самцов вогнутый посередине. [3]
Геном вида Labidus coecus: 0,37 пг (C value)[4][5]
Labidus coecus (лат.) — вид подземных кочевых муравьёв рода Labidus из подсемейства Ecitoninae (Formicidae).
