Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
20-26 mm SVL. Head and dorsum dirty yellow to lemon yellow with a sharp dorsolateral colour border to the black flanks. Limbs grey to bright metallic blue. A thin bluish white frenal stripe along the upper lip usually from insertion of forelimbs to a point below anterior edge of the eye. Iris with light pigment in its upper part. Ventral colouration blackish with irregularly shaped blue markings which can fuse to form a blue-black marbling. Throat largely blue. Similar species: Usually distinguished from the other species of the Mantella betsileo group by the typical colouration and the incomplete frenal stripe.Taken with permission from Glaw and Vences (2007).
Andreone, F., Raxworthy, C., and Glaw, F. (2008). Mantella expectata. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 21 April 2009.
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Distribution and Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Isalo. It occurs from 700 m to 1,000 m asl in seasonal streams and in wet canyons (where it is sometimes, but not always, associated with narrow gallery forest) (Andreone et al. 2008).
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
It occurs in Parque Nacional de Isalo. Trade in this species needs to be very carefully regulated, and the populations require close monitoring. The main threat is habitat loss due to grazing and fire, and in some localized regions due to mining for sapphires. It is actively sought after for the pet trade, and during the rainy season up to several thousand specimens can be collected (Andreone et al. 2008).
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Habits: Occurs in the rather dry sandstone massif of Isalo. The species was found at several sites in the Ilakaka/Isalo region. There, it appears to be a savannah- species, living around small and temporary streams. The preferred habitat consisted either in quite open canyons, and also in rocky areas next to water bodies. Tadpoles and newly metamorphosed specimens were found also in temporary pools created within rocky depressions in close canyons. In another case we found both tadpoles and adults within a small cave (4 meters long) filled by water. In open areas the adults were found under rocks, or active during the first hours of the days (0500-0800). Tadpoles were small and blackish. A more detailed description will be provided elsewhere. Calls: Similar to other Mantella species.
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Relation to Humans
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Captured for the pet trade.
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
Active during the first hours after dawn, the blue-legged mantella is most easily observed from October to December during the rainfalls that stimulate egg-laying. Males call continuously to attract females, who then emerge from their refuges to lay two to six clutches of over 35 eggs each (2) (3).
Conservation
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
Listing on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species provides the blue-legged mantella with some protection. It requires that an export licence is obtained for any trade in this species. A trade quota to prevent over-exploitation of this frog is crucial to its survival, as even the protection offered by the Isalo National Park has not prevented the capture of the blue-legged mantella (1). Anyhow, recent research showed that the species is still locally abundant (5).
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
With a greenish-yellow back contrasting with dark blue hind legs and black sides, the blue-legged mantella is a popular frog in the pet trade. Males are a little smaller than females and have an obvious horseshoe-shaped blue spot on the lower throat. Both sexes have a light stripe along the upper lip. Colours can vary between individuals, but the more highly contrasting individuals are most likely to be collected for the pet trade (1).
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
Inhabits small, temporary streams and small pools, as well as open canyons and rocks near water. The tadpoles and young adults are found in temporary pools (3).
Range
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
Endemic to Madagascar, the blue-legged mantella is found in the south-western region of the island, Isalo, at elevations of over 800 m above sea level (1).
Status
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
The blue-legged mantella is classified as Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(iii,v)) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1) and is listed on Appendix II of CITES (4).
Threats
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arkive
Several thousand blue-legged mantellas are thought to be collected every year from some regions in the Isalo Massif(3). Aside from over-collection, the extremely small range of these critically endangered frogs is threatened with habitat loss as a result of grazing, fires and sapphire mining operations (1).
Mantella expectata
(
Bretã
)
fornecido por wikipedia BR
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Mantella expectata
(
Catalão; Valenciano
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fornecido por wikipedia CA
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Mantella expectata és una espècie de granota endèmica de Madagascar.
Es troba en perill d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.
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Mantela modronohá
(
Checo
)
fornecido por wikipedia CZ
Mantela modronohá (Mantella expectata) je druh žáby patřící do čeledi mantelovití (Mantellidae) a rodu mantela (Mantella). Popsal ji Klaus Busse a Wolfgang Böhme v roce 1992.[2]
Výskyt
Vyskytuje se na jihovýchodě Madagaskaru, obývá především Národní park Isalo, často je možno ji zde vidět od listopadu do ledna.[3] Tato oblast je suchá; k životu dává mantela modronohá přednost vlhkým kaňonům a místům se sezónními vodními toky, lze ji také najít na skalách v blízkosti vody, v jeskynních či pod kameny. Je adaptována na zdejší požáry. Obývá nadmořskou výšku od 700 do 1 000 m n. m.[4]
Popis
Mantela modronohá měří 20−30 mm a její hmotnost se odhaduje na 1−3 g, přičemž samci dosahují menší velikosti než samice. Žába má na bocích černé zbarvení, záda jsou zbarvena žlutě, samci mají mimo to také modrou skvrnu na hrdle. Břicho má zbarvení černé s modrými znaky. Nohy mají modrou až modrošedou barvu. Pulci jsou černí. Díky tomuto zbarvení těla není tento druh zaměnitelný s ostatními mantelami. Druh je aktivní v brzkých ranních hodinách od 5 do 8 hodin, ozývá se dvojitým zakvákáním. V období rozmnožování samci kvákáním lákají samice, jež podobně jako ostatní druhy mantel nakladou po spáření na zem v blízkosti vody dvě až šest snůšek, přičemž každá obsahuje až 35 vajec.[3][5][6]
Ohrožení
Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody hodnotí druh mantela modronohá jako ohrožený s klesající populací, žába však může být v některých oblastech hojná. Nebezpečí představuje ničení přirozeného prostředí v malém areálu rozšíření druhu způsobené například pastevectvím či těžbou safírů. Kvůli svému zbarvení patří mantela modronohá mezi oblíbená zvířata k prodeji; během období dešťů může být lovena i po tisících.[5] Druh patří do přílohy II Úmluvy o mezinárodním obchodu s ohroženými druhy volně žijících živočichů a rostlin. Pro jeho zachování je důležité omezení obchodu.[4][5]
Odkazy
Reference
-
↑ Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
-
↑ mantela modronohá [online]. Biolib.cz [cit. 2016-11-18]. Dostupné online.
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↑ a b BEHRENS, Ken; BARNES, Keith. Wildlife of Madagascar. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. 344 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 140088067X, ISBN 9781400880676. S. 256. (anglicky)
-
↑ a b Mantella expectata [online]. Iucn Red List of Threatened Species, únor 2016 [cit. 2016-11-18]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
-
↑ a b c Blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) [online]. Arkive.org [cit. 2016-11-18]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
-
↑ Mantella expectata [online]. AmphibiaWeb, University of California, 2016 [cit. 2016-11-18]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
Externí odkazy
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Mantela modronohá: Brief Summary
(
Checo
)
fornecido por wikipedia CZ
Mantela modronohá (Mantella expectata) je druh žáby patřící do čeledi mantelovití (Mantellidae) a rodu mantela (Mantella). Popsal ji Klaus Busse a Wolfgang Böhme v roce 1992.
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Blue-legged mantella
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
The blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, a range it shares with the rainbow frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei).[2] Both are locally common, but endangered due to habitat loss and over-collected for the pet trade.[3]
Habitat and behavior
The blue-legged mantella is diurnal and belongs to the M. betsileo species group. Its preferred habitats are sun-exposed such as temporary rocky streams and inside rocky canyons. Their reproduction season is from September to December. The eggs are either hung on the walls of canyons or laid under rocks. They are then flooded by water and complete their development in temporary pools. It is a quite short-lived species with a typical maximum age of 3 years.[3]
Appearance
The so-called "desert mantella", a likely
undescribed species that is closely related to the blue-legged mantella
The blue-legged mantella has a snout–to–vent length of 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in). It is quite distinctive with aposematic colours, a warning of the alkaloid toxins in its skin.[2] The back and top of the head are yellow, contrasted by blue legs, and black flanks and sides of the head. The underside is black with blue spots. There are individual and locality based variations, with some having darker and greyer legs or, in the far north of its range, a reddish lower back (contrasting with the yellow upper back and top of head).[4] Those with a red lower back and grey legs have sometimes been called the "blushing mantella" or "sunrise mantella".[5][6] In the south of the species' range, individuals commonly have some brown to the legs, approaching the appearance of the brown mantella (M. betsileo), and some are genetically in between the two species, but their taxonomic position is still unresolved.[4] This intermediate population is sometimes referred to as M. cf. expectata,[4] whereas the so-called "desert mantella", a likely undescribed species from arid habitats in southernmost and western Madagascar that is closely related to the blue-legged mantella, sometimes has been referred to as M. aff. expectata.[5][7] Sex in the blue-legged mantella can be determined by the size of the body (females averaging noticeably larger than males), a horseshoe-shaped blue spot located on the lower jaw in males, and by the vocal signals that are specifically emitted only by males.[3]
References
-
^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Mantella expectata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T57443A84166737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T57443A84166737.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
-
^ a b Crottini, C.; Y. Chiari; V. Mercurio; A. Meyer; M. Vences; F. Andreone (2008). "Into the canyons: The phylogeography of the Malagasy frogs Mantella expectata and Scaphiophryne gottlebei in the arid Isalo Massif, and its significance for conservation (Amphibia: Mantellidae and Microhylidae)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 8 (5): 368–377. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2008.08.001.
-
^ a b c Guarino, Fabio M; Tessa, Giulia; Mercurio, Vincenzo; Andreone, Franco (December 2010). "Rapid sexual maturity and short life span in the blue-legged frog and the rainbow frog from the arid Isalo Massif, southern-central Madagascar". Zoology. 113 (6): 378–84. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2010.08.003. PMID 21051209.
-
^ a b c Cocca, W.; et al. (2018). "The herpetofauna (Amphibia, Crocodylia, Squamata, Testudines) of the Isalo Massif, Southwest Madagascar: combining morphological, molecular and museum data". Salamandra. 54 (3): 178–200.
-
^ a b Edmonds, D. (2006). "Mantella expectata". Mantella — Poison frogs of Madagascar. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
-
^ Edmonds, D. (2006). "Mantella sp. Blushing mantella". Mantella — Poison frogs of Madagascar. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
-
^ Mercurio, V.; G. Aprea; C. Crottini; F. Mattioli; J.E. Randrianirina; T.J. Razafindrabe; F. Andreone (2008). "The amphibians of Isalo Massif, southern-central Madagascar: High frog diversity in an apparently hostile dry habitat". Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino. XLV: 143–196.
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Blue-legged mantella: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
The blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, a range it shares with the rainbow frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei). Both are locally common, but endangered due to habitat loss and over-collected for the pet trade.
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Mantella expectata
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Mantella expectata[2][3][4] es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Mantellidae.
Distribución geográfica
Esta especie es endémica de Madagascar. Habita entre los 700 y 1000 m de altitud en el suroeste de la isla.[5]
Descripción
Mantella expectata mide de 20 a 26 mm, las hembras son un poco más grandes que los machos. Su espalda es de color amarillo verdoso; Sus patas delanteras son, según los individuos, negras, azules, azules con manchas amarillas o marrones. Sus flancos son negros. Su labio superior está coronado por una línea clara. Su vientre es negro con manchas azules. Como el otro representante del grupo Mantella betsileo, presenta una mancha en forma de herradura debajo de la garganta (más pronunciada en los machos).
Publicación original
- Busse & Böhme, 1992 : Two remarkable frog discoveries of the genera Mantella (Ranidae: Mantellinae) and Scaphiophryne (Microhylidae: Scaphiophryninae) from the west coast of Madagascar. Revue Française d'Aquariologie, Herpétologie, vol. 19, p. 57-64.[6]
Referencias
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Mantella expectata es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Mantellidae.
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Mantella expectata
(
Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Mantella expectata Mantella generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Mantellidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Mantella expectata
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Mantella expectata est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Mantellidae[1].
Répartition
Cette espèce est endémique de Madagascar. Elle se rencontre entre 700 et 1 000 m d'altitude dans le sud-ouest de l'île[1],[2].
Description
Têtard de
Mantella expectata.
Mantella expectata mesure de 20 à 26 mm, les femelles étant un peu plus grandes que les mâles. Son dos est jaune-vert ; ses pattes antérieures sont, selon les individus, noires, bleues, bleues avec taches jaunes ou brunes. Ses flancs sont noirs. Sa lèvre supérieure est surmontée d'une ligne claire. Son ventre est noir avec des taches bleues. Comme les autres représentant du groupe Mantella betsileo, elle présente une tache en forme de fer à cheval sous la gorge (plus prononcée chez les mâles)[3].
Publication originale
- Busse & Böhme, 1992 : Two remarkable frog discoveries of the genera Mantella (Ranidae: Mantellinae) and Scaphiophryne (Microhylidae: Scaphiophryninae) from the west coast of Madagascar. Revue Française d'Aquariologie, Herpétologie, vol. 19, p. 57-64.
Notes et références
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Mantella expectata est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Mantellidae.
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Mantella expectata
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Mantella expectata Busse & Böhme, 1992 è una rana della famiglia Mantellidae, endemica del Madagascar.[2]
Descrizione
Sono rane di piccole dimensioni, lunghe 20–26 mm[3], che raggiungono un peso 1-3 g. I maschi sono leggermente più piccoli delle femmine e si riconoscono agevolmente per la presenza di una macchia blu a forma di ferro di cavallo sulla gola
Il dorso è di colore giallo, le zampe sono grigio-bluastre, talora macchiate di bruno e i fianchi neri, con una netta demarcazione tra la colorazione del dorso e quella di fianchi. Il ventre è nero con macchie bluastre.
I girini, lunghi 3–5 mm, hanno una livrea di colore grigio-scuro.[4]
Biologia
Si riproduce all'interno di raccolte d'acqua temporanee che si formano nelle cavità della roccia.[3]
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie ha un areale ristretto ad una piccola area (meno di 100 km²) del Madagascar sud-occidentale, nella zona del Massiccio dell'Isalo, ad una altitudine tra i 700 e i 1.000 m s.l.m.[1]
Conservazione
Per la ristrettezza del suo areale Mantella expectata è classificata dalla IUCN Red List come in specie in pericolo critico di estinzione.[1]
Note
-
^ a b c (EN) IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. 2017, Mantella expectata, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 17 agosto 2017.
-
^ (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Mantella expectata, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 17 agosto 2017.
-
^ a b (EN) Mantella expectata, su amphibiaweb.org. URL consultato il 17 agosto 2017.
-
^ (EN) Mercurio V., Andreone F, The tadpoles of Scaphiophryne gottlebei (Microhylidae, Scaphiophryninae) and Mantella expectata (Mantellidae, Mantellinae) from Isalo Massif, central-southern Madagascar (PDF), in Alytes, vol. 23, n. 3-4, 2006, pp. 81-95.
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Mantella expectata Busse & Böhme, 1992 è una rana della famiglia Mantellidae, endemica del Madagascar.
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Mantella expectata
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Herpetologie Mantella expectata is een kikker uit de familie gouden kikkers (Mantellidae).[2] De soort komt endemisch voor op het Afrikaanse eiland Madagaskar.[3] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Klaus Busse en Wolfgang Böhme in 1992.
Uiterlijke kenmerken
Volwassen exemplaren hebben een lichaamslengte van 20 tot 26 millimeter. Deze kikkersoort heeft een kenmerkend kleurpatroon; de bovenzijde is opvallend geel, de flanken diepzwart en de poten en keel lichtblauw. Een lichtblauwe streep loopt vanaf de voorpoten tot onder de ogen. Mantella betsileo is een verwante kikkersoort waarvan het leefgebied dat van Mantella expectata overlapt. Deze lijkt sterk op M. expectata, maar is minder fel gekleurd en mist de lichtblauwe streep onder de ogen.
Gedrag en leefwijze
De kikker wordt vaak aangetroffen in natte kloven en in de buurt van waterstromen die in het regenseizoen ontstaan. Mannetjes laten zich overdag horen door korte, luide klikgeluiden. Het vrouwtje legt haar eieren in de grond, waarop de kleine donkergekleurde kikkervisjes in het regenseizoen naar nabijgelegen moerassen en stroompjes worden gespoeld. Schijnbaar hebben de larven weinig hinder van de bosbranden die in dit gebied veelvuldig voorkomen.[1]
Verspreiding en leefgebied
Mantella expectata is endemisch in de subtropische bossen in het zuiden van Madagaskar en is alleen aangetroffen in het Nationaal park Isalo en haar omgeving, op een hoogte van 700 tot 1000 meter boven de zeespiegel. Beschreven exemplaren die aangetroffen zijn op andere locaties dan Isalo, waaronder de Tsingy de Bemaraha, missen de karakteristieke blauwe poten en behoren waarschijnlijk tot een andere, onbeschreven soort.[1]
Status
Het totale leefgebied beslaat minder dan 5.000 vierkante kilometer groot en erg versnipperd. Dit gebied wordt bedreigd door bosbranden, overbegrazing en mijnbouwwerkzaamheden. Bovendien worden veel exemplaren gevangen voor de handel in exotische huisdieren. De soort is derhalve opgenomen als 'bedreigd' (Endangered) op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1] Op de lijst van CITES, een internationale overeenkomst over de handel in dieren en planten, is hij opgenomen in Bijlage II, wat wil zeggen dat voor de export een vergunning moet worden aangevraagd.[4]
Zie ook
- Referenties
- Bronnen
-
(en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Mantella expectata - Website[dode link] Geconsulteerd 17 januari 2017
-
(en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Mantella expectata - Website
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Mantella expectata is een kikker uit de familie gouden kikkers (Mantellidae). De soort komt endemisch voor op het Afrikaanse eiland Madagaskar. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Klaus Busse en Wolfgang Böhme in 1992.
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Mantella expectata
(
Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
Mantella expectata é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Mantellidae.
É endémica de Madagáscar.
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas secas tropicais ou subtropicais , rios e rios intermitentes.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Mantella expectata
(
Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
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Mantella expectata: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
Mantella expectata (tên tiếng Anh: Blue-legged Mantella) là một loài ếch trong họ Mantellidae. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Madagascar. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là subtropical hoặc tropical drsy forests, sông, và sông có nước theo mùa. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
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