Description
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
20-26 mm SVL. Head and dorsum dirty yellow to lemon yellow with a sharp dorsolateral colour border to the black flanks. Limbs grey to bright metallic blue. A thin bluish white frenal stripe along the upper lip usually from insertion of forelimbs to a point below anterior edge of the eye. Iris with light pigment in its upper part. Ventral colouration blackish with irregularly shaped blue markings which can fuse to form a blue-black marbling. Throat largely blue. Similar species: Usually distinguished from the other species of the Mantella betsileo group by the typical colouration and the incomplete frenal stripe.Taken with permission from Glaw and Vences (2007).
Andreone, F., Raxworthy, C., and Glaw, F. (2008). Mantella expectata. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 21 April 2009.
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Distribution and Habitat
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Isalo. It occurs from 700 m to 1,000 m asl in seasonal streams and in wet canyons (where it is sometimes, but not always, associated with narrow gallery forest) (Andreone et al. 2008).
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Habits: Occurs in the rather dry sandstone massif of Isalo. The species was found at several sites in the Ilakaka/Isalo region. There, it appears to be a savannah- species, living around small and temporary streams. The preferred habitat consisted either in quite open canyons, and also in rocky areas next to water bodies. Tadpoles and newly metamorphosed specimens were found also in temporary pools created within rocky depressions in close canyons. In another case we found both tadpoles and adults within a small cave (4 meters long) filled by water. In open areas the adults were found under rocks, or active during the first hours of the days (0500-0800). Tadpoles were small and blackish. A more detailed description will be provided elsewhere. Calls: Similar to other Mantella species.
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
It occurs in Parque Nacional de Isalo. Trade in this species needs to be very carefully regulated, and the populations require close monitoring. The main threat is habitat loss due to grazing and fire, and in some localized regions due to mining for sapphires. It is actively sought after for the pet trade, and during the rainy season up to several thousand specimens can be collected (Andreone et al. 2008).
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Relation to Humans
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Captured for the pet trade.
- autor
- Miguel Vences
- autor
- Frank Glaw
Biology
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fornecido por Arkive
Active during the first hours after dawn, the blue-legged mantella is most easily observed from October to December during the rainfalls that stimulate egg-laying. Males call continuously to attract females, who then emerge from their refuges to lay two to six clutches of over 35 eggs each (2) (3).
Conservation
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Inglês
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fornecido por Arkive
Listing on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species provides the blue-legged mantella with some protection. It requires that an export licence is obtained for any trade in this species. A trade quota to prevent over-exploitation of this frog is crucial to its survival, as even the protection offered by the Isalo National Park has not prevented the capture of the blue-legged mantella (1). Anyhow, recent research showed that the species is still locally abundant (5).
Description
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Inglês
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fornecido por Arkive
With a greenish-yellow back contrasting with dark blue hind legs and black sides, the blue-legged mantella is a popular frog in the pet trade. Males are a little smaller than females and have an obvious horseshoe-shaped blue spot on the lower throat. Both sexes have a light stripe along the upper lip. Colours can vary between individuals, but the more highly contrasting individuals are most likely to be collected for the pet trade (1).
Habitat
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fornecido por Arkive
Inhabits small, temporary streams and small pools, as well as open canyons and rocks near water. The tadpoles and young adults are found in temporary pools (3).
Range
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fornecido por Arkive
Endemic to Madagascar, the blue-legged mantella is found in the south-western region of the island, Isalo, at elevations of over 800 m above sea level (1).
Status
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fornecido por Arkive
The blue-legged mantella is classified as Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(iii,v)) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1) and is listed on Appendix II of CITES (4).
Threats
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Inglês
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fornecido por Arkive
Several thousand blue-legged mantellas are thought to be collected every year from some regions in the Isalo Massif(3). Aside from over-collection, the extremely small range of these critically endangered frogs is threatened with habitat loss as a result of grazing, fires and sapphire mining operations (1).
Blue-legged mantella
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
The blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, a range it shares with the rainbow frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei).[2] Both are locally common, but endangered due to habitat loss and over-collected for the pet trade.[3]
Habitat and behavior
The blue-legged mantella is diurnal and belongs to the M. betsileo species group. Its preferred habitats are sun-exposed such as temporary rocky streams and inside rocky canyons. Their reproduction season is from September to December. The eggs are either hung on the walls of canyons or laid under rocks. They are then flooded by water and complete their development in temporary pools. It is a quite short-lived species with a typical maximum age of 3 years.[3]
Appearance
The so-called "desert mantella", a likely
undescribed species that is closely related to the blue-legged mantella
The blue-legged mantella has a snout–to–vent length of 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in). It is quite distinctive with aposematic colours, a warning of the alkaloid toxins in its skin.[2] The back and top of the head are yellow, contrasted by blue legs, and black flanks and sides of the head. The underside is black with blue spots. There are individual and locality based variations, with some having darker and greyer legs or, in the far north of its range, a reddish lower back (contrasting with the yellow upper back and top of head).[4] Those with a red lower back and grey legs have sometimes been called the "blushing mantella" or "sunrise mantella".[5][6] In the south of the species' range, individuals commonly have some brown to the legs, approaching the appearance of the brown mantella (M. betsileo), and some are genetically in between the two species, but their taxonomic position is still unresolved.[4] This intermediate population is sometimes referred to as M. cf. expectata,[4] whereas the so-called "desert mantella", a likely undescribed species from arid habitats in southernmost and western Madagascar that is closely related to the blue-legged mantella, sometimes has been referred to as M. aff. expectata.[5][7] Sex in the blue-legged mantella can be determined by the size of the body (females averaging noticeably larger than males), a horseshoe-shaped blue spot located on the lower jaw in males, and by the vocal signals that are specifically emitted only by males.[3]
References
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^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2017). "Mantella expectata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T57443A84166737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T57443A84166737.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
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^ a b Crottini, C.; Y. Chiari; V. Mercurio; A. Meyer; M. Vences; F. Andreone (2008). "Into the canyons: The phylogeography of the Malagasy frogs Mantella expectata and Scaphiophryne gottlebei in the arid Isalo Massif, and its significance for conservation (Amphibia: Mantellidae and Microhylidae)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 8 (5): 368–377. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2008.08.001.
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^ a b c Guarino, Fabio M; Tessa, Giulia; Mercurio, Vincenzo; Andreone, Franco (December 2010). "Rapid sexual maturity and short life span in the blue-legged frog and the rainbow frog from the arid Isalo Massif, southern-central Madagascar". Zoology. 113 (6): 378–84. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2010.08.003. PMID 21051209.
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^ a b c Cocca, W.; et al. (2018). "The herpetofauna (Amphibia, Crocodylia, Squamata, Testudines) of the Isalo Massif, Southwest Madagascar: combining morphological, molecular and museum data". Salamandra. 54 (3): 178–200.
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^ a b Edmonds, D. (2006). "Mantella expectata". Mantella — Poison frogs of Madagascar. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
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^ Edmonds, D. (2006). "Mantella sp. Blushing mantella". Mantella — Poison frogs of Madagascar. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
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^ Mercurio, V.; G. Aprea; C. Crottini; F. Mattioli; J.E. Randrianirina; T.J. Razafindrabe; F. Andreone (2008). "The amphibians of Isalo Massif, southern-central Madagascar: High frog diversity in an apparently hostile dry habitat". Monografie del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino. XLV: 143–196.
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Blue-legged mantella: Brief Summary
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
The blue-legged mantella (Mantella expectata) is a small species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to the Isalo National Park and areas south of it in Madagascar, a range it shares with the rainbow frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei). Both are locally common, but endangered due to habitat loss and over-collected for the pet trade.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia authors and editors
