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Microtus montanus ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST
Artículu revisáu

Microtus montanus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Cricetidae.

Distribución xeográfica

Alcuéntrase nel Canadá y Estaos Xuníos.

Referencies

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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST
Artículu revisáu

Microtus montanus ye una especie de royedor de la familia Cricetidae.

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Talpó de les praderies ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El talpó de les praderies (Microtus montanus) és una espècie de talpó que es troba al Canadà i als Estats Units.

Referències

Enllaços externs

 src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.
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Talpó de les praderies: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El talpó de les praderies (Microtus montanus) és una espècie de talpó que es troba al Canadà i als Estats Units.

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Montane vole ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The montane vole (Microtus montanus) is a species of vole native to the western United States and Canada.[1]

Description

Montane voles are medium-sized voles, with a total length of 14 to 22 cm (5.5 to 8.7 in), including the 2 to 7 cm (0.79 to 2.76 in) tail. Adults typically weigh anything from 37 to 85 grams (1.3 to 3.0 oz), with males being slightly larger than females, but the actual weight varies considerably with age, geography, and subspecies. The upper body is covered with fur of a dark brownish shade, again with some variation between individuals. The fur is paler on the flanks, and fades to grey or white on the underparts. The tail exhibits the same color variation, with the fur being dark brown to almost black on the upper surface and grey or white below.[2]

Montane voles possess scent glands on the hips, near the anus, and on the male genitalia. These glands increase in size in response to testosterone, and are therefore particularly large in adult males.[3] At least some of these glands produce unique fatty acid esters, that may function in species recognition.[4] Females have four pairs of teats, running from the chest to the groin.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Montane voles are found in mountainous and other high elevation terrain in the western United States and Canada.[5] Within this region they are generally found in drier climates than other species of vole, and in areas more dominated by grassland than by shrubs.[2][6] Typical habitats include alpine meadows and grassy areas near streams or lakes; they are also often found in cropland or pasture.[1] Fossils of montane voles have been recovered from as far back as the Irvingtonian, when they appear to have been more widespread across what is now the southwestern United States.[2]

At least fourteen subspecies of montane vole are recognized:[2]

  • M. m. montanus - eastern California and southern Oregon
  • M. m. arizonensis - eastern Arizona and western New Mexico
  • M. m. canescens - central Washington and southern British Columbia
  • M. m. codiensis - north western Wyoming
  • M. m. dutcheri - central California
  • M. m. fucosus - southern Nevada
  • M. m. fusus - southern Colorado
  • M. m. micropus - northern Nevada
  • M. m. nanus - widespread, from Washington and Oregon to Montana and Colorado
  • M. m. nevadensis - south western Nevada
  • M. m. pratincola - north western Montana
  • M. m. rivularis - southern and eastern Utah
  • M. m. undosus - central Nevada
  • M. m. zygomaticus - north eastern Wyoming

Biology and behavior

Montane voles are herbivorous, although they may also eat small numbers of insects and other arthropods. The majority of their diet consists of forbs, supplemented by seeds, grasses, and fungi. One study in Colorado found that favored foods included vetch and evening primrose.[7] Predators include a range of hawks and owls, weasels, and even coyotes.[2] Montane voles have been reported to form up to 80% of the diet of great horned owls in Idaho.[8]

Montane voles have also been used in the laboratory in studies of African sleeping sickness, since they suffer similar symptoms to humans when infected with the parasite.[2]

Montane voles are nocturnal during the summer, but primarily diurnal during winter.[9] They often inhabit abandoned gopher burrows, although they are also capable of digging their own.[10] Typical burrows are 100 cm (39 in) in length, and reach a depth of 20 cm (7.9 in), although there is considerable variation.[2] Montane voles also construct nests, which are typically cup-shaped,[10] although those used for raising young are globular and about 13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter.[11] Males mark their territory with urine and dung and by rubbing their anal scent glands along the ground.[12]

Reproduction

The breeding season begins in April or May, and continues until at least August.[13] The start of the season is triggered by chemicals found in fresh spring grass,[14] and coincides with the snowmelt. Since chemicals in older, late summer grass, depress the reproductive drive, the exact end of the season may vary from year to year, and some individuals have been reported to breed in midwinter in recent decades.[2]

Males mate with multiple females if the opportunity arises,[15] and have no preference for unmated females over those that have previously mated.[16] Females do not have regular estrus cycles,[17] and their reproductive status is apparently induced by chemical signals from nearby males.[18]

Gestation lasts 21 days, and results in the birth of five to eight pups.[19] The young are born blind and helpless, and are not capable of standing until four days after birth, around the time that they first begin to develop fur. Their eyes open after about ten days, and they are weaned at around fourteen days.[20] The pups leave the nest a day or so after weaning, when the female begins to prepare for a new litter.[19]

The female may raise three to four litters in a year. Young born early in the year may reach sexual maturity in as little as four weeks, but those born in the fall do not do so until spring.[21]

References

  1. ^ a b c Cassola, F. (2016). "Microtus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42630A22346732. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42630A22346732.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Sera, W. & Early, C.N. (2003). "Microtus montanus". Mammalian Species. 716: 1–20. doi:10.1644/716. S2CID 198125949.
  3. ^ Jannett Jr., F.J. (1978). "Dosage response of the vesicular, preputial, anal, and hip glands of the male vole, Microtus montanus, to testosterone propionate". Journal of Mammalogy. 59 (4): 772–779. doi:10.2307/1380141. JSTOR 1380141. PMID 374664.
  4. ^ Welsh, C.J.; et al. (1988). "Novel, species-typical esters from preputial glands of sympatric voles, Microtus montanus and M. pennsylvanicus". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 14 (1): 143–158. doi:10.1007/BF01022538. PMID 24277001. S2CID 13011215.
  5. ^ "Montane Voles | Vole Control". www.volecontrol.com. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
  6. ^ Stoecker, R.E. (1972). "Competitive relations between sympatric populations of voles (Microtus montanus and M. pennsylvanicus)". Journal of Animal Ecology. 41 (2): 311–329. doi:10.2307/3471. JSTOR 3471.
  7. ^ Vaughan, T.A. (1974). "Resource allocation in some sympatric, subalpine rodents". Journal of Mammalogy. 55 (4): 764–795. doi:10.2307/1379407. JSTOR 1379407.
  8. ^ Marti, C.D. & Kochert, M.N. (1996). "Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southeastern Idaho". Journal of Field Ornithology. 67 (4): 499–506. JSTOR 4514149.
  9. ^ Rowsemitt, C.N. (1991). "Activity rhythms in female montane voles (Microtus montanus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 69 (4): 1071–1075. doi:10.1139/z91-151.
  10. ^ a b Jannett Jr., F.J. (1982). "Nesting patterns of adult voles, Microtus montanus, in field populations". Journal of Mammalogy. 63 (3): 495–498. doi:10.2307/1380450. JSTOR 1380450.
  11. ^ Hartung, T.G. & Dewsbury, D.A. (1979). "Nest-building behavior in seven species of muroid rodents". Behavioral and Neural Biology. 27 (4): 532–539. doi:10.1016/S0163-1047(79)92166-6.
  12. ^ Jannett Jr., F.J. (1981). "Sex ratios in high-density populations of the montane vole, Microtus montanus, and the behavior of territorial males". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 8 (4): 297–307. doi:10.1007/BF00299530. S2CID 45567478.
  13. ^ Negus, N.C.; et al. (1992). "Phenotypic plasticity of the montane vole (Microtus montanus) in unpredictable environments". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 70 (11): 2121–2124. doi:10.1139/z92-285.
  14. ^ Berger, P.J.; et al. (1981). "Chemical triggering of reproduction in Microtus montanus". Science. 214 (1): 69–70. Bibcode:1981Sci...214...69B. doi:10.1126/science.7025210. PMID 7025210.
  15. ^ Shapiro, L.E. & Dewsbury, D.A. (1990). "Differences in affiliative behavior, pair bonding, and vaginal cytology in two species of vole (Microtus ochrogaster and M. montanus)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 104 (3): 268–274. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.104.3.268. PMID 2225765.
  16. ^ Ferguson, B.; et al. (1986). "Male preferences for unmated versus mated females in two species of voles (Microtus ochrogaster and M. montanus)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 100 (3): 243–247. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.100.3.243.
  17. ^ Gray, G.D.; et al. (1974). "Oestrus and induced ovulation in montane voles". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. 38 (1): 193–196. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0380193. PMID 4858275.
  18. ^ Sawrey, D.K. & Dewsbury, D.A. (1991). "Males accelerate reproductive development in female montane voles". Journal of Mammalogy. 72 (3): 343–346. doi:10.2307/1382105. JSTOR 1382105.
  19. ^ a b McGuire, B. & Novak, M. (1986). "Parental care and its relationship to social organization in the montane vole (Microtus montanus)". Journal of Mammalogy. 67 (2): 305–311. doi:10.2307/1380883. JSTOR 1380883.
  20. ^ Shapiro, L.E. & Insel, T.R. (1990). "Infant's response to social separation reflects adult differences in affiliative behavior: a comparative developmental study in prairie and montane voles". Developmental Psychobiology. 23 (5): 375–393. doi:10.1002/dev.420230502. PMID 2253816.
  21. ^ Negus, N.C.; et al. (1986). "Microtine population dynamics in a predictable environment". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64 (3): 785–792. doi:10.1139/z86-117.
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Montane vole: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The montane vole (Microtus montanus) is a species of vole native to the western United States and Canada.

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Microtus montanus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Microtus montanus es una especie de roedor de la familia Cricetidae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en el Canadá y Estados Unidos.

Referencias

  1. «Microtus montanus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235.
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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Microtus montanus es una especie de roedor de la familia Cricetidae.

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Microtus montanus ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Microtus montanus Microtus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Arvicolinae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Peale (1848) Cricetidae Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. 44. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Microtus montanus Microtus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Arvicolinae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Microtus montanus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Campagnol des montagnes

Microtus montanus, communément appelé Campagnol des montagnes, est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricetidés.

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon NCBI (5 août 2020)[2] :

  • sous-espèce Microtus montanus nanus (Merriam, 1891)

Notes et références

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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Campagnol des montagnes

Microtus montanus, communément appelé Campagnol des montagnes, est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricetidés.

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Microtus montanus ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Microtus montanus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Peale in 1848.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Canada en de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Microtus montanus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Peale in 1848.

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Microtus montanus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Microtus montanus é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Canadá e Estados Unidos.

Referências

 title=
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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Microtus montanus é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Canadá e Estados Unidos.

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Microtus montanus ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Microtus montanus[2][3][4][5][6] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Titian Peale 1848. Microtus montanus ingår i släktet åkersorkar och familjen hamsterartade gnagare.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[7]

Utseende

Arten blir med svans 120 till 165 mm lång, svanslängden är 29 till 51 mm och vikten är 22 till 45 g. Sorken har 15 till 22 mm långa bakfötter och 9 till 15 mm långa öron. Microtus montanus växer hela tiden tills den dör. Pälsen på ovansidan har en spräcklig gulbrun färg. Den bildas av gråaktig underull samt av täckhår som är grå vid roten, ljusbrun till gul i mitten samt mörkare brun eller svart vid spetsen. Undersidans hår är likaså grå vid roten samt ljusgrå eller vit vid spetsen. Övergången mellan dessa två färger är stegvis. Dessutom är svansen uppdelad i en mörkgrå ovansida och en ljusgrå till vit undersida. Allmänt är sydliga populationer mörkare än nordliga. Pälsen byts två gånger per år under senare våren eller tidiga sommaren samt under hösten. Tandformeln är I 1/1 C 0/0 P 0/0 M 3/3, alltså 16 tänder. Hos denna sork förekommer körtlar vid höften men hos hannar är de större än hos honor. Dessutom finns körtlar vid munnen, på bröstet, vid fötterna och vid anusen. Med körtelvätskan markeras reviret.[9]

Utbredning och habitat

Denna sork förekommer i västra USA och i södra British Columbia (Kanada). Den lever på bergsängar samt i andra områden med gräs som strandlinjer, fältkanter och betesmarker.[1]

Ekologi

Individerna lever i underjordiska bon. De äter olika växtdelar som gräs, halvgräs, örter, blad från buskar och rötter. Arten håller ingen vinterdvala. Honor kan ha två eller tre kullar mellan april och oktober. Per kull föds cirka 6 ungar. Honor som föds under våren kan ha en egen kull under hösten.[1]

Sorken kan vara aktiv på dagen och på natten men den har ingen förmåga att uthärda temperaturer större än 31 °C. Vid dessa väderförhållanden måste den hitta ett kyligt gömställe, annars dör den. Under vintern ligger boet i snötäcket.[9]

Microtus montanus jagas bland annat av ugglor, falkfåglar, grävlingar, rävar och prärievargar.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] 2008 Microtus montanus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Microtus montanus
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  6. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  7. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (5 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/microtus+montanus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  8. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  9. ^ [a b] Naughton, Donna (2012). Microtus montanus. The Natural History of Canadian Mammals. University of Toronto Press. sid. 140. ISBN 978-1-4426-4483-0

Externa länkar

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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Microtus montanus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Titian Peale 1848. Microtus montanus ingår i släktet åkersorkar och familjen hamsterartade gnagare. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Microtus montanus ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Microtus montanus (Полівка гірська) — вид гризунів родини Хом'якові (Cricetidae).

Проживання

Країни проживання: Канада (Британська Колумбія), США (Аризона, Каліфорнія, Колорадо, Айдахо, Монтана, Невада, Нью-Мексико, Орегон, Юта, Вашингтон, Вайомінг). Зустрічаються на альпійських луках на півдні й гірських долинах на півночі ареалу.

Життя

Розмножуються з квітня по жовтень. Самиці мають 2—3 виводки на рік у кожному в середньому 6 дитинчат. Поживою є трави, осока, листя, стебла, корені й широкий спектр різнотрав'я. Хижаки: яструби, сови, лисиці, борсуки та койоти. Активні протягом усього року.

Джерела


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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Microtus montanus (Полівка гірська) — вид гризунів родини Хом'якові (Cricetidae).

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Microtus montanus ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Microtus montanus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Peale mô tả năm 1848.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. (2008) Microtus montanus Trong: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ấn bản 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 2 năm 2010.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Microtus montanus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ gặm nhấm Cricetidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Microtus montanus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Microtus montanus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Peale mô tả năm 1848.

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저산대밭쥐 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

저산대밭쥐(Microtus montanus)는 밭쥐속에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 미국 서부와 캐나다에서 발견된다.[1]

특징

저산대밭쥐는 중형 밭쥐로 꼬리 길이 2~7cm를 포함하여 전체 몸길이가 14~22cm이다. 성체는 보통 몸무게가 37~85g이고, 수컷이 암컷보다 약간 크지만 실제 몸무게는 나이와 지리적 위치, 아종에 따라 상당히 다양하다. 등 쪽은 짙은 갈색조의 털로 덮여 있고 개체마다 약간 차이가 난다. 털은 옆구리 쪽으로 연한 색을 띠고 배 쪽으로 갈수록 회색 또는 흰색으로 변한다. 꼬리도 짙은 갈색부터 거의 검은색까지 띠며 아랫면이 회색 또는 흰색을 띠는 등 같은 색의 변이를 보인다.[3]

저산대밭쥐는 엉덩이, 항문 근처, 수컷 생식기에 냄새 분비선을 갖고 있다. 분비선은 테스토스테론에 따라 크기가 증가하고, 특히 어른 수컷이 크다.[4] 최소한 분비선 중 일부는 종을 인식하는 데 기능할 수 있는 독특한 지방산 에스터를 만든다.[5] 암컷은 가슴부터 사타구니까지 이어지는 4쌍의 젖꼭지를 갖고 있다.[3]

각주

  1. Microtus montanus. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2009.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2010년 2월 4일에 확인함.
  2. Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). 〈Superfamily Muroidea〉 [쥐상과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 894–1531쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Sera, W. & Early, C.N. (2003). “Microtus montanus”. 《Mammalian Species》 716: 1–20. doi:10.1644/716.
  4. Jannett Jr., F.J. (1978). “Dosage response of the vesicular, preputial, anal, and hip glands of the male vole, Microtus montanus, to testosterone propionate”. 《Journal of Mammalogy》 59 (4): 772–779. doi:10.2307/1380141. JSTOR 1380141.
  5. Welsh, C.J.; 외. (1988). “Novel, species-typical esters from preputial glands of sympatric voles, Microtus montanus and M. pennsylvanicus”. 《Journal of Chemical Ecology》 14 (1): 143–158. doi:10.1007/BF01022538.
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