Ostrolebec (Hypnale) je rod jedovatých hadů z čeledi zmijovitých a podčeledi chřestýšovitých endemicky se vyskytujících na Srí Lance a na jihozápadě Indie (včetně Západních Ghátů). Podle některých odborníků se jedná o příklad konvergence, neboť se ostrolebci výrazně podobají křovinářům z rodu Porthidium ze střední a Jižní Ameriky, jelikož žijí v podobném prostředí.[1]
Herpetologové v současné době rozeznávají tři jednotlivé druhy ostrolebců:
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Hypnale ve Wikimedia Commons
Ostrolebec (Hypnale) je rod jedovatých hadů z čeledi zmijovitých a podčeledi chřestýšovitých endemicky se vyskytujících na Srí Lance a na jihozápadě Indie (včetně Západních Ghátů). Podle některých odborníků se jedná o příklad konvergence, neboť se ostrolebci výrazně podobají křovinářům z rodu Porthidium ze střední a Jižní Ameriky, jelikož žijí v podobném prostředí.
Hypnale is a genus of venomous pit vipers endemic to Sri Lanka and southwestern India.[1] Three monotypic species are currently recognized (no subspecies).[4] All members have more or less upturned snouts that produce a hump-nosed effect.[2]
Members of this genus grow to a maximum total length of 55 cm (21+5⁄8 in) (for H. hypnale). The body is stout, but relatively slender compared to most other crotalines. The tail length accounts for 14-18% of total length in males, 11-16% in females.[2]
The snout is more or less upturned, with two species having a wart-like protuberance at the tip that is covered with tiny scales. The anterior head shields are strongly fragmented, but the frontal scale, supraoculars and parietals are complete and quite large. The nasal scale is single, but it may have a groove that extends towards its upper edge. There are two preoculars and 2-4 postoculars. The loreal scale is single, but extends across the canthus rostralis so that it can be seen from above. The supralabials and sublabials both number 7-9. Bordering the supralabials are 3-4 enlarged temporal scales, above which are 3-5 irregular rows of temporal scales. There is one pair of chin shields, each of which is slightly longer than it is wide.[2]
At midbody there are 17 rows of dorsal scales, which are weakly keeled. Apical pits are present, but very difficult to see. The keels are faint or may be entirely absent on the first two scale rows bordering the ventrals. The ventral scales number 120-158, while the subcaudals vary in number from 28-48 (almost all are paired).[2]
Species of the genus Hypnale are found in Sri Lanka and India,[1] from almost sea level to an elevation of at least 1,829 m (6,001 ft). In India they are found in the Western Ghats as far north as 16° north latitude.[2]
They occur in dense jungles, dry forests, rain forests, both in low and hilly country, and in plantations. They sometimes are also found near or in human habitations.[2]
They are mostly nocturnal, but are often seen coiled in the shade during the day, moving around on cloudy days or under low light conditions. They are generally inoffensive, both in the wild and in captivity, rarely attempting to bite unless restrained or injured.[2]
Their diet includes lizards, snakes, frogs, reptile eggs, and small mammals.[2]
All members of this genus are viviparous.[2]
H. hypnaleT (Merrem, 1820) Hump-nosed viper Peninsular India to the Western Ghats as far north as 16° N, and Sri Lanka. 
H. nepa (Laurenti, 1768) Sri Lankan hump-nosed viper In Sri Lanka throughout forested areas, from lowland rainforest to over 1,800 m (5,900 ft) altitude. 
H. zara (Gray), 1849 Gray's hump-nosed viper Sri Lanka. T) Type species.[1]
A new species called Hypnale sp. Amal, recently described, but not yet given species status.
According to Gloyd and Conant (1990), members of this group seem to be closely related to the genus Calloselasma.[1]
Hypnale is a genus of venomous pit vipers endemic to Sri Lanka and southwestern India. Three monotypic species are currently recognized (no subspecies). All members have more or less upturned snouts that produce a hump-nosed effect.
Hypnale es un género de serpientes venenosas de la familia Viperidae. Sus especies se distribuyen por el sur del subcontinente indio y Sri Lanka.
Se reconocen las 3 especies siguientes:[1]
Hypnale es un género de serpientes venenosas de la familia Viperidae. Sus especies se distribuyen por el sur del subcontinente indio y Sri Lanka.
Perekonda Hypnale klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis järgmised maoliigid[1]:
Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Hypnale seisuga 01.02.2014.
Hypnale Viperidae familiaren barruan dagoen narrasti genero bat da. Sri Lankan eta Indiako hegoaldean bizi dira.
Hypnale Viperidae familiaren barruan dagoen narrasti genero bat da. Sri Lankan eta Indiako hegoaldean bizi dira.
Hypnale est un genre de serpents de la famille des Viperidae.
Les trois espèces de ce genre se rencontrent au Sri Lanka et au sud de l'Inde.
Ces serpents venimeux vivipares atteignent au plus 55 cm, avec une tête bien marquée, triangulaire. Ils vivent principalement dans des zones boisées (jungle, forêts sèches ou humides), mais peuvent s'aventurer dans les zones cultivées ou près des habitations. Ce sont des reptiles principalement nocturnes mais qui peuvent sortir le jour lorsque la luminosité est faible. Ils se nourrissent de divers petits animaux comme des lézards, serpents, grenouilles, rongeurs, ainsi que d'œufs.
Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (16 sept. 2011)[1] :
Les Hypnales sont également un ordre de mousses appartenant aux Bryopsidées.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Hypnale – rodzaj jadowitych węży z podrodziny grzechotnikowatych w rodzinie żmijowatych (Viperidae), obejmujący gatunki występujące w Azji.
Hypnale – rodzaj jadowitych węży z podrodziny grzechotnikowatych w rodzinie żmijowatych (Viperidae), obejmujący gatunki występujące w Azji.
Hypnale[1] este un gen de șerpi din familia Viperidae.[1]
Cladograma conform Catalogue of Life[1]:
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Acest articol referitor la o reptilă este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa. 瘤鼻蝮屬（學名：Hypnale）是蛇亞目蝰蛇科蝮亞科下的一個有毒蛇屬，主要包括分布於印度西南部及斯里蘭卡一帶的一種蝮蛇。[1]目前共有3個單型品種已被確認，其下未有任何亞種。[2][3]所有瘤鼻蝮都有著朝天的鼻孔。[4]
瘤鼻蝮的體長可達55公分，牠們的身體堅硬，相對一般響尾蛇而言則顯得較為瘦長。其尾巴的長度約佔整體長度的14至18%。[4]瘤鼻蝮最大的特色是其碩大的鼻子，每種瘤鼻蝮鼻子都或多或少有朝天的傾向。[4]牠們通常棲息於茂密的樹林裡，也會出沒於雨林、小城鎮中，牠們有時會聚集於接近民居的地方。瘤鼻蝮多於夜間活動，日間則躲於石縫或樹蔭下，陰天時或會四處遊動。瘤鼻蝮並非具備強烈攻擊傾向的毒蛇，除非受到危急的威脅或受了傷，否則不會輕易作出咬擊。牠們主要進食蜥蜴、蛙類、部分蛇類及其它爬蟲類動物所產的蛋，也會進食小型的哺乳類動物。所有瘤鼻蝮都是卵胎生的。[4]
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