Green Plants

Figure 1. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140: A habit, leaf arrangement and fertile spikes B close up of sterile leaf arrangement showing subopposite decussate leaf arrangement and ovate-oval leaves C close up of fertile spike showing scale like sporophylls and a sporangium. Scale bar: 10 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Illustration by A.R.Field.

Figure 2. Phlegmariurusnummulariifolius ARF0002: A basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement B medial region of shoot showing adpressed leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view C distal region of shoot showing abrupt transition to sporophylls and filiform fertile spikes. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140 D basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement E medial region of shoot showing divergent leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view F distal region of shoot showing gradual transition to sporophylls and funiform-filiform fertile spikes. Photos by A.R.Field

Figure 1. Watercolour painting of Begoniarajah of an original wild-collected plant grown in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. (Reproduced with permission of the Singapore Botanic Gardens)

Figure 3. Begoniarajah Ridley (cultivated) A Upper leaf surface B under surface C Young blade.

Figure 4. Distribution map of Cremastosperma showing the four disjunct areas of the distribution: 1 the Chocó/Darién/western Ecuador region north into Central America 2 the tropical Andes (including a rough demarcation between areas occupied by northern/lowland and southern/montane clades) 3 coastal Venezuela 4 French Guiana.

Figure 17. Cremastospermachococola Pirie. a leaf and fruit (Gentry & Forero 7286).

Map 2. Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie

Figure 13. a–bCremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr. a flowers (Maas et al. 8064; photo PJMM) b fruit (Mori et al 22721; photo Scott Mori) c–eC.bullatum Pirie c, e Flowering specimen (Pirie et al. 94; photos c MDP e Robin van Velzen) d leaf base showing bullate corrugations of the lamina and long golden indument (Pirie et al. 71; photo: MDP) f, gC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. Flowering specimens (fMaas et al. 9029, photo PJMM gChatrou et al. 224, photo LWC) h–jC.dolichocarpum Pirie. Flowering and fruiting specimen (Pedraza et al. 2146; photos: María F. González).

Figure 19. Cremastospermadolichocarpum Pirie. a flower b leaf and fruit (aCallejas 3110bSánchez 415).

Map 3. Distribution of Cremastospermaawaense Pirie, C.dolichocarpum Pirie, C.magdalenae Pirie, C.napoense Pirie, C.pacificum R.E.Fr. and C.westrae Pirie

Figure 1. Flowers of Cremastosperma. Fig. 11 from van Heusden (1992). aC.microcarpum: longitudinal section bC.oblongum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section cC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.: bud dC.gracilipes R.E.Fr.: flower e, fC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.: longitudinal section (e) and stamen (f) gC.microcarpum: carpel (aMaas et al. 6281bMaas et al. 4592cNelson 763dLuteyn et al. 4890e, fHolm-Nielsen et al. 21501gPrance et al. 3527).

Figure 21. Cremastospermagracilipes R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (aHurtado 3019bPalacios 1651).

Map 4. Distribution of Cremastospermabrevipes (DC.) R.E.Fr.; C.gracilipes R.E.Fr.; C.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr.

Figure 22. Cremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, bSeidel & Schulte 2265)

Figure 23. a, bCremastospermaleiophyllum R.E.Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, dCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e–gC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h–jC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, lC.oblongum R.E.Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m–oC.osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar).

Map 6. Distribution of Cremastospermaconfusum Pirie, C.leiophyllum R.E.Fr.; and C.oblongum R.E.Fr.

Figure 24. Cremastospermalongicuspe R.E.Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (avan der Werff 10161bPoeppig s.n.).

Map 5. Distribution of Cremastospermabullatum Pirie; C.cauliflorum R.E.Fr.; C.cenepense Pirie & Zapata; and C.longicuspe R.E.Fr.

Figure 25. Cremastospermalongipes Pirie. a monocarp (with stipe) and seeds b leaf, flower and flower bud (aFernández 8872bForero et al. 6576).

Map 2. Distribution of Cremastospermaalticola Pirie & Chatrou, C.antioquense Pirie, C.chococola Pirie, C.dolichopodum Pirie & Maas, C.longipes Pirie, C.novogranatense R.E.Fr., C.osicola Pirie & Chatrou, C.panamense Maas and C.stenophyllum Pirie

Figure 2. Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten & Koek-Noorman (1992). aCremastospermamegalophyllum R.E.Fr. b, eC.cauliflorum R.E.Fr. cC.microcarpum R.E.Fr. dC.macrocarpum Maas fC.monospermum (Rusby) R.E.Fr. (aBrandbyge & Asanza C. 30017b, ePrance et al. 24094cGentry et al. 32153dWingfield & van der Werff 6751fSperling et al. 6198).

Figure 26. Cremastospermamacrocarpum Maas. a fruiting specimen b flower (a, bvan der Werff & Vera, Flora Falcón 937).

Map 9. Distribution of C.macrocarpum Maas; and C.venezuelanum Pirie.

Figure 27. Cremastospermamagdalenae Pirie. a flower b fruiting twig and cross section of seed (aHernandez 251bEscobar & Folsom 3309).