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California Wildrose

Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl.

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Rosa aldersonii Greene, Pittonia 5: 110.. 1903
Rosa califomica Pelersiana C. Meyer, Zimmtr. 19. 1847.
Rosa cinnamomea var. Benth. PI. Hartw. 309. 1849.
Rosa califomica glandulosa Crepin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 52. 1876.
Rosa Aschersoniana Crepin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. IS: 52, as a synonym. 1876.
Rosa Breweri Greene, Leaflets 2: 262. 1912.
Stems erect, brown, branched, 1-2 m. high, glabrous, armed with recurved, more or less flattened prickles 5-10 mm. long; stipules adnate, 1-2 cm. long, usually narrow, somewhat pubescent, more or less glandular-puberulent beneath, strongly glandular-dentate on the margins; petiole and rachis usually copiously glandular, somewhat pubescent and prickly; petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaflets 5-7, ovate or oval, 1-4 cm. long, obtuse at the base, acute or obtuse at the apex, double-serrate with gland-tipped teeth, especially the secondary ones, dark-green and more or less appressed-puberulent above, decidedly glandular-puberulent and often pubescent beneath; inflorescence usually corymbiform, leafy-bracted, 1-8-flowered; pedicels short, glabrous or slightly villous or sometimes glandular (R. Breweri); hypanthium glabrous, hemispheric, with a distinct neck, in fruit 10-15 mm. broad; sepals lanceolate, caudateattenuate, 1 5-20 mm. long, villous and rarely glandular on the margins, glabrous on the back, tomentose within, in fruit erect and persistent or tardily deciduous; petals rose-colored, 1.5-2 cm. long; styles numerous, distinct, sometimes somewhat exserted.
Type locality: Witch Creek, San Diego County, California. Distribution: California, especially in the coast ranges.
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bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1918. ROSACEAE (conclusio). North American flora. vol 22(6). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 35. 1827
Rosa califomica chammissoniana C. Meyer, Zimmtr. 18. 1847.
Rosa califomica pubescens Crepin, Bull. Soe. Bot. Belg. 15: 52. 1876..
Rosa Hartwegiana Crepin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 52, as a synonym. 1876.
Stem erect, terete, light-brown or yellowish, diffusely branched, 1-3 m. high, usually armed with stout flattened, recurved prickles 5-8 mm. long; young shoots sometimes bristly; floral branches 1-3 dm. long, usually prickly; stipules adnate, narrow or those of the upper leaves dilated, more or less villous, glandular-dentate; petiole and rachis villous, prickly, and sometimes somewhat glandular; petioles 0.5-2 cm. long; leaflets 5-7, rarely 3 or 9, oval, 1-2 cm. long, usually simply serrate, with triangular-lanceolate, not glandular teeth, dull and more or less appressed-pubescent above, villous, but rarely slightly glandular beneath, usually rounded or obtuse at both ends; inflorescence usually corymbiform, leafy-bracted, 1—10flowered; pedicels short, glabrous or somewhat villous; hypanthium glabrous, globose or subglobose, with a distinct neck, in fruit 10-15 mm. broad; sepals lanceolate, caudate-attenuate, about 15 mm. long, entire, villous and rarely glandular on the margins, tomentose within; petals obcordate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, rose-colored; styles free, not exserted.
Type locality: San Francisco, California.
Distribution: Oregon to northern Lower California.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1918. ROSACEAE (conclusio). North American flora. vol 22(6). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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North American Flora

Rosa californica

provided by wikipedia EN

Rosa californica, the California wildrose,[1] or California rose, is a species of rose native to the U.S. states of California and Oregon and the northern part of Baja California, Mexico. The plant is native to chaparral and woodlands and the Sierra Nevada foothills, and can survive drought, though it grows most abundantly in moist soils near water sources.[2][3]

This thorny, flowering, fruit-bearing shrub is also deciduous, and grows vertically up to six feet tall.[4][5] The meaning of its name is twofold; Rosa, that it resembles or is composed of roses, and californica, that it originates from California.[4]

Description

California wild rose.jpg

Rosa californica is a bush or thicket-forming shrub with prickly, curving stems. The fragrant flowers may grow singly or in inflorescences of several blooms. Each rose is open-faced and generally flat, with five petals in any shade of pink from almost white to deep magenta. The five smooth petals and sepals have a bowl-like bloom, semi-inferior ovaries, and compound veiny and hairy leaves. [4][5] R. californica also bears fruit called "rose hips," which contain yellow seeds.[2]

Distribution, habitat, and adaptations

Rosa californica is a common plant native to California. It is primarily found in elevations of below 6,000 feet. While most common in moist regions like river banks, the plant can also adapt to various soil textures, develop drought resistance, and has common-pest and disease resistance.[4][6][7]

Competition

Rosa californica competes with other vegetation in moist environments because of its lateral spreading rhizomes (horizontally-spreading underground roots) and above-ground, thorny stems. Moreover, the wildroses' stems and shoots can be cut, but will regrow from submerged rhizomes. Thus, R. californica may develop thickets[4] and overwhelm "desirable vegetation" under improper management. However, it does not pose a foreseeable environmental concern.[6]

Cultivation

Rosa californica.jpg

Rosa californica is used in California native gardens and habitat gardens, forming colonies, and attracting wildlife with the bright rose hips in autumn.[8] Hard, dry internal seeds can be extracted by hand from mature, bright red hips. The wildrose can also be propagated with stem or rhizome cuttings.[6]

Uses

Rosa californica is readily acclimated. Its natural propagation helps restore damp areas. Subterranean stems stabilize the surrounding earth. Thorny thickets offer ground cover, shelter, and even nests for organisms.[6]

R. californica's open flowers and nectar attract insects and pollinators. Its lengthened spring to fall blooming period[4] offers food for local bees. R. californica's fruits also persist on thickets through the forage-scarce winter,[5] serving as food for bugs, birds, and hoofed mammals like deer and elk.[6][7]

The wildroses' hips are related to the Rosaceae family's apricots, apples, and roses.[7] They are fragrant, edible, and look and taste like "small apples."[4] Some indigenous California tribes eat R. californica's hips raw and use the stems and fibers for crafts like coiled baskets, jewelry, and decoration. Other tribes leverage the roses' medicinal properties. They used a mix of rose petals, leaves, and/or rose "hips" in drinks or as medicine to relieve skin and general inflammation, pain, and illness (including fever, stomach pains, and sores).[5][6][7]

The rose hips were used during World War II for their high vitamin content. They are dried for tea, or for use in jellies and sauces. The Cahuilla eat the rose buds raw or soaked them in water for drinking. A tea was also made from the roots, and used for colds. Because the rose hips remain on the plant throughout the winter, they provide food for wildlife during times when little forage is available.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rosa californica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  2. ^ a b "R. californica Taxon page". Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
  3. ^ "Rosa californica Plants Profile". USDA. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "California Wild Rose". Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy. 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2022-10-12.
  5. ^ a b c d "California (Wild) Rose, Rosa californica". nathistoc.bio.uci.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Smither-Kopperl, M. L. (2021). Plant Guide for California wildrose (Rosa californica). United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  7. ^ a b c d California Phenology Project: Species profile for California Wildrose (Rosa californica). USA National Phenology Network, National Park Service, UCSB. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
  8. ^ Keator, Glenn; Middlebrook, Alrie (2007). Designing California native gardens: the plant community approach to artful, ecologial gardens. University of California Press. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-520-25110-6.
  9. ^ Clarke, Charlotte Bringle (1977). Edible and Useful Plants of California (California Natural History Guides (Paperback)). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 81. ISBN 0-520-03267-5.

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Rosa californica: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Rosa californica, the California wildrose, or California rose, is a species of rose native to the U.S. states of California and Oregon and the northern part of Baja California, Mexico. The plant is native to chaparral and woodlands and the Sierra Nevada foothills, and can survive drought, though it grows most abundantly in moist soils near water sources.

This thorny, flowering, fruit-bearing shrub is also deciduous, and grows vertically up to six feet tall. The meaning of its name is twofold; Rosa, that it resembles or is composed of roses, and californica, that it originates from California.

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wikipedia EN