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Pellia epiphyllaCommon LiverwortSlo.: navadni jetrnjakDat.: Sept. 05. 2008Lat.: 45.48812 Long.: 13.74346Code: Bot_294/2008-3078Habitat: In stream bed in a narrow shady ravine, dense mixed bushes and trees, in shade, precipitations 1.000-1.100 mm/year, average temperature 12 deg C, elevation 160 m (520 feet), submediterranean phytogeographical region. Place: Near village Kotabona, Supot stream gorge, Istria, Slovenia EC
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Throop, England, United Kingdom
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Pellia endiviifoliaEndive PelliaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 02. 2010Lat.: 46.03581 Long.: 14.02119Code: Bot_462/2010_IMG2584Habitat: Almost vertical clay road cut flank, turned east, thick soil layer, calcareous ground, fairly humid but sunny place, fully exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 300 m (980 feet), borderline between prealpine and Dinaric phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil. Place: Near confluence of rivers Idrijca and Ganik, right bank of river Idrijca, close to Spodnja Idrija town, Gorika, Slovenia ECComments: The small yellow-green highly branched branches on much larger basic thallus are characteristic for autumnal form of this liverwort. It was formerly called P. endiviifolia fo. furcigera.Pellia endiviifolia is a dioicous plant. Pictures mainly show female plants.Ref.:(1) Personal communication dr. Andrej Martini. (2) I. Atherton (ed), Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, BBS, (2010), p237.
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Uggerby Strand, Nordjylland, Danmark
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Madum Sø, Jylland, Danmark
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Ulvedal Plantage, Karup, Jylland, Danmark
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Lild Strand, Thy, Danmark
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Munkholm Skov, Mariager, Danmark
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Tvorup Hul, Thy, Danmark
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Munkholm Skov, Mariager, Danmark
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Skillingbro kalkgrav, Rold Skov, Danmark
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Tvillingskov, Rold Skov, Jylland, Danmark
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Ulvedal Plantage, Karup, Jylland, Danmark
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Ravnkilde ved Rebild Bakker, Jylland, Danmark
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Mosskov v Store Øksø, Rold Skov, Danmark
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Als Odde ved Mariager Fjord, Danmark
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Buderupholm Bjergskov, Rold Skov, Jylland, Danmark
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Tvorup Hul, Thy, Danmark
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Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort., syn.: Jungermannia furcata L.. Metzgeria glabra Raddi, Herverus furcatus (L.) Gray, Fasciola furcata (L.) Dumort., Blasia furcata (L.) Fr.. Family: Metzgeriaceae H.Klinggr.EN: Forked Veilwort, DE: Gewhnliches IgelhaubenmoosSlo.: navadna trakavkaDat.: May 8. 2021Lat.: 46.35933 Long.: 13.70547Code: Bot_1366/2021_DSC2654 Habitat: Steep mountain slope, east aspect; bushes and smaller trees; calcareous, colluvial ground, humid place mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 535 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on mosses.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; next to the trail from main road to abandoned farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Metzgeria furcata is a common liverwort in Trenta valley and elsewhere. It grows mainly on bark of deciduous trees, preferring Fraxinus excelsior. Sometimes it can be found also on rocks, soil or mosses. This find is growing on mosses (see Fig.7). The liverwort is splitting strictly dichotomously and the angle between braches is fairly constant around 80 to 90 degrees. Scattered, irregular hairs on the edges of the thallus (Fig 5.) are also characteristic for this species. Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 246. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 175.(3) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 191.
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Zeeland, Netherlands
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Bazzania trilobata (L.) Gray, syn.: Mastigobryum trilobatum (L.) Nees, Pleuroschisma trilobatum (L.) Dumort., Jungermannia trilobata L.Family: LepidoziaceaeEN: Greater Whipwort, Threelobed bazzania, DE: Grosses Peitschenlebermoos, Dreilappiges PeitschenmoosSlo.: trokrpi binikDat.: Oct. 26. 2021Lat.: 46.39886 Long.: 13.70239Code: Bot_1415/2021_DSC4855Habitat; mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; almost flat terrain, calcareous, old colluvial deposits; locally probably acid ground (understory vegetation mainly Vaccinium myrtillus L.), in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-5 deg C, elevations 1.000 m (3.280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus layer on roots of a Picea abies stump in its initial stage of disintegration and on soil among the roots.Place: Upper Trenta valley, Zapodn place, right bank of (dry) Soa river bed, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments (pertains to pictures in the Flicker album Bazzania trilobata): Bazzania trilobata is a relatively common and among the largest and most noticeable leafy liverworts. Its quite large mats can be found on boggy soils, forest ground, rotten logs, and at the bases of trees. It is a widespread species. Most of others in this genus are more typical of tropical environments. Bazzania trilobata can be recognized by a special arrangement of its leaves. As seen in my close-up photos, the upper edges of the leaves overlap the lower edges of the leaves above them. This is so called incubous leaf arrangement. Most of other leafy liverworts have the opposite arrangement, succubous, where the lower edges of the leaves overlap the upper edges of the leaves below them. Liverworts superficially look similar to mosses. However, apart to other less conspicuous differences, they have differently arranged leaves on the stem. Liverwort leaves are usually arranged in two lateral ranks with a third row of usually much smaller and differently shaped leaves on the back side of the stem (see picture 7a.). Moss leaves have usually a spiral arrangement. If not so, they always lack the third row of the leaves.Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p82. (2) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 204.(3) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV (2002). p 46.(4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Niedere Pflanzen, Band 1, 3.Aufl., Spectrum Akademischer Verlag (2005), p 660.
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Christmas, Florida, United States
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Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda, syn.: Blasia epiphylla (L.) Fr., Marsilia epiphylla (L.) Lindb.EN: Common Liverwort, Common Pellia, Overleaf Pellia, DE: Gemeines BeckenmoosSlo.: navadni jetrnjakDat.: Feb. 13. 2008Lat.: 46.12988 Long.: 13.81285Code: Bot_0240/2008_DSC5176 and Bot_0241/2008_DSC5245Habitat: mixed forest; moist, right bank of a narrow mountain ravine; steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; mostly in shade; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-11 deg C, elevations 470 m (1.550 feet), prealpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rocky, almost vertical surface with a thin layer of clayey soil.Place: Next to the trail from village Slap ob Idrijci to village Ponikve; the ravine of Kostanjevica creek, East Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Pellia epiphylla is a foliose species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta). These geologically very old creatures also belong to the kingdom of plants (Plantae), but are morphologically and functionally much different. Pellia epiphylla is like a 'double kind' of living being. The first one (gametophyte) reproduces sexually. It has separate male (antheridia) and female (archegonia) sex organs. In this form the species consists of green, foliose thalli of rather poorly defined shapes measuring up to 1 cm across and bearing both sex organs on the upper side of the thalli (not shown on my pictures). In wet weather sperms float around and eventually fertilize ova. The fertilized ova develop into the second form of this plant (sporophyte) in the shape of small, brownish cups (see Fig.5), which remain attached to the sexual green thalli of the gametophyte. This form proliferates on a non-sexual way producing spores like mosses, fungi and ferns. The sporophytes produce long, translucent 'stalks' (setae) with dark, shiny, spherical capsules on top (Fig. 2, 3). When they become mature, they burst and their cuticle peels back into four brownish segments. Light ocher-brown tufts of 'hairs' (elaters) and spores appear. Elaters mechanically change their shape depending on environmental conditions, particularly regarding air humidity, and hence ensure that the spores are dispersed only in favorable conditions. When the spores germinate, new gametophytes are produced and the life circle is closed.Pellia epiphylla is morphologically very similar to Pellia neesiana. The latter one is a dioicous plan (separate plants bearing male only or female only sexual organs) in contrast to Pellia epiphylla, which is a monoicous plant (male and female organs reside on the thallus of the same plant). Hence, thali of sterile plants (still without sexual organs) of both species are generally (without microscopy) indistinguishable (which may apply also to this find). Linn described Pellia epiphylla already in 1757. It is a very common liverwort species living in all colder regions of north hemisphere on permanently moist places. In spite of this most people have never even heard of it. Ref.:(1) Ian Atherton, Ed., Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland - a field guide, British Bryological Society (2010), p 235. (2)
www.gbif.org/species/2689550 (accessed Feb. 23. 2019)(3) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 193.
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Throop, England, United Kingdom