Thelephorales

Slo.: rni plutozob - Habitat: young mixed forest on alluvial deposits of nearby mountain torrent, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly southeast inclined terrain, calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil under Picea abies. - Comments: In Germany Phellodon niger has already disappeared from many historically known locations in and around industrial regions (Ref.:2.). The causes are acid precipitations, other airborne toxins and eutrophication of forest ground. The species is worldwide distributed but rarely common. It is generally in sharp decline and much endangered in Europe (Ref.:2). - About 20 pilei growing solitary and in groups of several partly confluent fruit bodies; pilei diameter 5 - 8.5 cm, spines are dense and from 2 to max 3 mm long; stipe is not well defined, interwoven with surrounding organic ground debris, about 1-2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long, tapering toward the base, looking like a thick root; taste mild, mushroomy, not bitter; smell indistinctive; flesh corky-woody, charcoal black; SP whitish-beige, oac851. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions:3,6 [4 ; 4,1] 4,5 x 3,1 [3,4 ; 3,6] 3,9 mm; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4 x 3,5 mm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1. Ulmer (2000), p 384. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 629. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 228. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 349.

German name is Stinkende Lederkoralle

Slo.: blazinasti plutozob - Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild and tough, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628. (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si .

Slo.: rjasti lepozob - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, calcareous ground, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Decomposing tree litter and soil among roots of an old Picea abies - Ref.: http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=100986 G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p300

Slo.: rni plutozob - Habitat: young mixed forest on alluvial deposits of nearby mountain torrent, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly southeast inclined terrain, calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil under Picea abies. - Comments: In Germany Phellodon niger has already disappeared from many historically known locations in and around industrial regions (Ref.:2.). The causes are acid precipitations, other airborne toxins and eutrophication of forest ground. The species is worldwide distributed but rarely common. It is generally in sharp decline and much endangered in Europe (Ref.:2). - About 20 pilei growing solitary and in groups of several partly confluent fruit bodies; pilei diameter 5 - 8.5 cm, spines are dense and from 2 to max 3 mm long; stipe is not well defined, interwoven with surrounding organic ground debris, about 1-2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long, tapering toward the base, looking like a thick root; taste mild, mushroomy, not bitter; smell indistinctive; flesh corky-woody, charcoal black; SP whitish-beige, oac851. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions:3,6 [4 ; 4,1] 4,5 x 3,1 [3,4 ; 3,6] 3,9 mm; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4 x 3,5 mm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1. Ulmer (2000), p 384. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 629. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 228. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 349.

Slo.: Peckova jeevka - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever. Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?). Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846. Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 220. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

German name is Stinkende Lederkoralle

Slo.: blazinasti plutozob - Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild and tough, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628. (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si .

Slo.: rjasti lepozob - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, calcareous ground, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Decomposing tree litter and soil among roots of an old Picea abies - Ref.: http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=100986 - G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p300

Slo.: rni plutozob - Habitat: young mixed forest on alluvial deposits of nearby mountain torrent, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly southeast inclined terrain, calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil under Picea abies. - Comments: In Germany Phellodon niger has already disappeared from many historically known locations in and around industrial regions (Ref.:2.). The causes are acid precipitations, other airborne toxins and eutrophication of forest ground. The species is worldwide distributed but rarely common. It is generally in sharp decline and much endangered in Europe (Ref.:2). - About 20 pilei growing solitary and in groups of several partly confluent fruit bodies; pilei diameter 5 - 8.5 cm, spines are dense and from 2 to max 3 mm long; stipe is not well defined, interwoven with surrounding organic ground debris, about 1-2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long, tapering toward the base, looking like a thick root; taste mild, mushroomy, not bitter; smell indistinctive; flesh corky-woody, charcoal black; SP whitish-beige, oac851. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions:3,6 [4 ; 4,1] 4,5 x 3,1 [3,4 ; 3,6] 3,9 mm; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4 x 3,5 mm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1. Ulmer (2000), p 384. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 629. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 228. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 349.

Slo.: Peckova jeevka - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever. Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?). Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846. Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 220. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Slo.: blazinasti plutozob - Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild and tough, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628. (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si .

Slo.: rjasti lepozob - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, calcareous ground, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Decomposing tree litter and soil among roots of an old Picea abies - Ref.: http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=100986 - G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p300

Slo.: rni plutozob - Habitat: young mixed forest on alluvial deposits of nearby mountain torrent, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly southeast inclined terrain, calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil under Picea abies. - Comments: In Germany Phellodon niger has already disappeared from many historically known locations in and around industrial regions (Ref.:2.). The causes are acid precipitations, other airborne toxins and eutrophication of forest ground. The species is worldwide distributed but rarely common. It is generally in sharp decline and much endangered in Europe (Ref.:2). - About 20 pilei growing solitary and in groups of several partly confluent fruit bodies; pilei diameter 5 - 8.5 cm, spines are dense and from 2 to max 3 mm long; stipe is not well defined, interwoven with surrounding organic ground debris, about 1-2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long, tapering toward the base, looking like a thick root; taste mild, mushroomy, not bitter; smell indistinctive; flesh corky-woody, charcoal black; SP whitish-beige, oac851. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions:3,6 [4 ; 4,1] 4,5 x 3,1 [3,4 ; 3,6] 3,9 mm; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4 x 3,5 mm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1. Ulmer (2000), p 384. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 629. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 228. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 349.

Slo.: Peckova jeevka - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; almost flat terrain at the bottom of an Alpine valley; calcareous ground, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: I am always impressed by these drops which are exuded by some mushrooms. They do this when they are in an intensive growing phase and need a lot of minerals. Hence there remains much of superfluous water which is secreted in the form of drops. Some drops are crystal clear, some golden yellow or milky and some are bright red like with Hydnellum peckii and very similar Hydnellum ferrugineum. Pilei of Hydnellum species are of very irregular and variable form and color. Therefore determination is frequently a problem. Yet, Hydnellum peckii has a very sharp, burning, long lasting taste, which cannot be overlooked, just on the contrary, one will remember it forever. Hydnellum peckii is not a common find in Slovenia. In the Netherlands it was considered extinct already in 1950; in former East Germany territory it was considered extinct in 1970, in today's Germany it is in sharp decline and highly endangered. In Slovenia it is not protected (yet?). Fungi were growing solitary and scattered; four pilei were present on an area of about 4-5 m2, the largest seemed to be actually a cluster of several fused pilei since it had three, more or less separate stalks; pilei dimensions up to 11 x 5.5 cm; taste sharply burning; SP abundant, beige-ocher with pink tint, oac846. Spores coarsely warty and of irregular shape. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,5 ; 5,7] 6,2 x 3,8 [4,2 ; 4,4] 4,9 microns; Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 5,6 x 4,3 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 220. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 378. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 324. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 474. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1044.

Slo.: blazinasti plutozob - Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild and tough, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - One cap with four stalks or four perfectly fused caps? - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628. (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si .