Comments
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Atriplex hortensis has been widely grown as a potherb, has escaped from cultivation, and is now established especially in moist ruderal sites. It is easily distinguished by its rounded, samaralike, entire, and smooth fruiting bracteoles, and the presence of two kinds of pistillate flowers, the one enclosed by bracteoles and lacking sepals, the other without bracteoles but subtended by sepals.
Atriplex nitens (see list of excluded taxa) is distinguished from A. hortensis in Flora Europea (P. Aellen 1964b) by having leaf blades densely white scurfy beneath, the distal surface lustrous, as opposed to green and dull for A. hortensis. Occasional specimens, treated here as A. hortensis, have leaves somewhat scurfy.
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Comments
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The young plants are used as a vegetable in N China.
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Comments
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Cultivated in Hunza and Kashmir for the green leaves as a vegetable in spring (Stewart, l.c.).
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Description
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Herbs, green to yellowish or reddish, 5-15(-25) dm, glabrous. Stems erect, mostly branched. Leaves mostly opposite or mostly alternate; petiole 0.3-4+ cm; blade green on both sides, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to cordate-hastate at base, 15-180 × 8-135 mm, margin entire or more rarely irregularly toothed or lobed, apex attenuate to acuminate or rounded. Inflorescences of spikes disposed in leafless panicles. Staminate flowers 5-merous. Pistillate flowers dimorphic, some ebracteolate and with 5-parted perianth, others without perianth enclosed by a pair of sessile or very shortly stipitate bracteoles. Fruiting bracteoles samaralike, orbicular to oval or ovate, compressed, 5-18 mm, united only at base, entire, faces smooth. Seeds of ebracteate flowers black, horizontal, convex, 1-2 mm wide, lustrous; those of bracteolate flowers olivaceous brown, vertical, flat, 3-4.5 mm wide, dull. 2n = 18.
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Description
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Herbs annual, to 2 m tall, slightly furfuraceous. Stem erect, stout; branches oblique or spreading, obtusely 4-angled, green striate. Petiole 1-3 mm; leaf blade green on both surfaces, ovate-oblong to ovate-triangular, 5-25 × 3-18 cm, adaxially slightly furfuraceous, base hastate to broadly truncate, margin entire or irregularly serrate, apex subobtuse. Inflorescences axillary and terminal panicles with bisexual and female flowers mixed in glomerules. Bisexual flowers ebracteate; perianth 5-parted; segments oblong; stamens 5, sometimes undeveloped and flowers appearing female; seed horizontal, lenticular, 1.5-2 mm in diam.; testa black, sublustrous, thinly leathery. Female flowers bracteate; perianth absent; fruiting bracts very shortly petiolate, connate only at base, suborbicular, 1-1.5 cm in diam., both surfaces reticulate veined and glabrous, base truncate or slightly emarginate, margins entire, apex acute; seed vertical, compressed globose, 3-4 mm in diam.; testa yellow-brown, not lustrous, usually membranous. Fl. and fr. Aug-Sep.
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Description
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Annual, 60-150 cm tall, erect, branched. Leaves alternate, petiolate, triangular, broadly hastate at base, entire or more rarely toothed, mostly taper-tipped, green on both sides. Flowers in spikes disposed in a leafless panicle; staminate 5-merous; pistillate of 2 sorts, some ebracteolate with a 5-partite perianth and without bracteoles, others without perianth but with a pair of bracteoles, these rounded-oval, entire, free; seeds of the former type horizontal, convex, black, lustrous, 1-2 mm in diameter, those of the latter vertical, flat, olivaceous brown, dull, 3-4 mm in diameter.
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Distribution
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introduced; Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Que.,Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Mass., Minn., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wis., Wyo.; Asia.
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Distribution
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Distribution: C. and S. Europe, C. Asia , introduced or cultivated
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering summer-fall.
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Habitat
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Roadsides, canal and stream banks, lake shores, disturbed sites and gardens; 0-2200m.
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Habitat & Distribution
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Cultivated. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi [native to SW Asia and Europe; introduced and cultivated in many regions of the world].
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Synonym
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Atriplex nitens Schkuhr
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Description
provided by Phytokeys
Annual up to 150 cm, erect, usually branched. Leaf petioles 1.5–4.0 cm, blades 4.0–15.0(22.0) × 3.5–7.0(8.0–20.0) cm, triangular-hastate or ovoid, entire or dentate, basally slightly cordate or rounded, apically obtuse, green or reddish, glabrous or with scattered bladder hairs abaxially. Inflorescence mostly basally leafy, spike-like. As a rule, three kinds of flowers are present: (i) male flowers surrounded by a perianth with (4)5 segments, (ii) bisexual flowers surrounded by a perianth with (4)5 segments (sometimes not observed in the Indian specimens) and (iii) female flowers supported only by two accrescent, basally connate perianth valves forming a bract-like cover up to 12.0(15.0–20.0) mm in diameter, valves sessile or sometimes tapered into a peduncle up to 5 mm long (seen on Indian material). Seeds heteromorphic (three seed types present on one individual). Black seeds (1.6–1.8 mm in diameter) are formed in second (ii) and third (iii) flower types while the brownish ones (2.0–3.5 mm) are usually yielded by female (iii) flowers.
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- Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Pei-Liang Liu, Maria Kushunina
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- Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141
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- Alexander P. Sukhorukov
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- Pei-Liang Liu
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- Maria Kushunina
Distribution
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See Fig. 17.
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- Sukhorukov A, Liu P, Kushunina M (2019) Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet PhytoKeys (116): 1–141
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- Alexander P. Sukhorukov
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- Pei-Liang Liu
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- Maria Kushunina
Atriplex hortensis
provided by wikipedia EN
Atriplex hortensis fruit and seeds
Atriplex hortensis, known as garden orache, red orache or simply orache (/ˈɒrətʃ/;[4] also spelled orach), mountain spinach, French spinach, or arrach, is a species of plant in the amaranth family used as a leaf vegetable that was common before spinach and still grown as a warm-weather alternative to that crop. For many years, it was classified in the goosefoot family, but it has now been absorbed into the Amaranthaceae. It is Eurasian, native to Asia and Europe, and widely naturalized in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
Description
Atriplex hortensis is a hardy annual plant, with an erect, branching stem. It varies in height from two to six feet, according to the variety and soil. The leaves are variously shaped, but somewhat oblong, comparatively thin, and slightly acidic to the taste. The flowers are small and obscure, greenish or reddish, corresponding to a degree with the color of the foliage of the plant. The seeds are small, black, surrounded by a thin, pale-yellow membrane, and they retain their viability for three years.[11] There are varieties with red, white and green leaves.
Use and cultivation
Atriplex hortensis has a salty, spinach-like taste. The leaves are used cooked or raw in salads. The green leaves were once used to color pasta in Italy. A common use of the plant is to balance out the acidic flavor of sorrel.[12]
It was commonly grown in Mediterranean regions from early times, until spinach became the more favored leaf vegetable. It is commonly grown as a warm-weather alternative to spinach because it is more tolerant of heat and slower to bolt in warm weather.[13]
Gallery
Atriplex hortensis var. rubra
Inflorescence with predominantly male flowers
References
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^ Figure from Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen. Author: Johann Georg Sturm. Painter: Jacob Sturm
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^ "Atriplex hortensis". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2008-03-23.
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^ The Plant List, Atriplex hortensis L.
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^ "orache". Oxford English Dictionary third edition. Oxford University Press. June 2004. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
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^ Flora of China, 榆钱菠菜 yu qian bo cai Atriplex hortensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1053. 1753.
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^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Atriplice degli orti, bledos moles, Gartenmelde, trädgårdsmålla, Atriplex hortensis L., includes photos and European distribution map
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^ Flora of North America, Garden orach, Atriplex hortensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1053. 1753.
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^ Biota of North America 2014 state-level distribution map
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^ Wilson, P. G. 1984. Chenopodiaceae. Flora of Australia 4: 81–330.
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^ Webb, C. J., W. R. Sykes & P. J. Garnock-Jones. 1988. Chenopodiaceae. Flora of New Zealand 515–534
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^ Burr, Fearing: The Field and Garden Vegetables of America, page 297. Crosby and Nichols, 1863
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^ Davidson, Alan (1999): Orach. In: Oxford Companion to Food: 556. ISBN 0-19-211579-0
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^ Cornell University Gardening Growing Guide
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Atriplex hortensis: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Atriplex hortensis fruit and seeds
Atriplex hortensis, known as garden orache, red orache or simply orache (/ˈɒrətʃ/; also spelled orach), mountain spinach, French spinach, or arrach, is a species of plant in the amaranth family used as a leaf vegetable that was common before spinach and still grown as a warm-weather alternative to that crop. For many years, it was classified in the goosefoot family, but it has now been absorbed into the Amaranthaceae. It is Eurasian, native to Asia and Europe, and widely naturalized in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.
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