Biology
provided by Arkive
Thrift is a perennial species, and flowers each year between April and October (6). The fragrant flowers are visited by a range of flying insects for nectar and pollen (3). There is a very old belief that thrift can cure lead poisoning; this is reflected by the family name of Plumbaginaceae (5).
Conservation
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Conservation action is not needed.
Description
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Thrift or sea-pink is a familiar coastal plant. It forms compact cushions, and has attractive deep pink or occasionally white flowers (5). The flowers have five petals, and occur in groups at the top of a flower spike (known as an inflorescence), which is surrounded by the narrow leaves. The leaves have just a single vein, and often have hairs along the edges; they arise from a visible woody rootstock, which forms the cushions (2). The name 'thrift' is thought to refer to the leaves, which are tightly packed together and conserve water in the salty air (5).
Habitat
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Inhabits sea-cliffs, shingle, saltmarshes and stone walls close to the coast. Further inland it can be found up to heights of 1280m on rocky mountain ledges, moss-heaths, on shingle by rivers, and at old lead workings. It may also occur alongside roads that have been treated with salt (4).
Range
provided by Arkive
Thrift is found around all of the coasts of Britain. It is often planted in gardens, and occurs as a garden escape in some areas (4). Elsewhere it has a wide distribution throughout the northern hemisphere (3).
Status
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Widespread and common (4).
Threats
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This species is not threatened.
Associations
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Foodplant / sap sucker
adult of Beosus maritimus sucks sap of Armeria maritima
Plant / resting place / on
adult of Cryptocephalus fulvus may be found on Armeria maritima
Remarks: season: 5-10
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / saprobe
scattered or in 2's & 3's, immersed pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph of Phomopsis armeriae is saprobic on dead peduncle of Armeria maritima
Remarks: season: 4
Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Sibinia sodalis feeds on Armeria maritima
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Uromyces armeriae parasitises live Armeria maritima
Other: major host/prey
Brief Summary
provided by Ecomare
With its knob of pink flowers erecting from the top of a green stem, thrift looks nothing like the abundant purple flower head of the sea lavender. Nevertheless, both species fall under the leadwort family. Thrift, also called sea pink, flowers for a long period of time, from May till late summer. When it's not flowering, you hardly take note of the plant, since its thin leaves form a flat rosette on the ground. It is a salt-tolerant plant found in salt marshes together with sea lavender. However it is not limited to salty areas. You also find it on the typical grass walls (tuinwallen) on Texel. Cultivated forms of thrift are popular garden plants and as dried flowers.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Rootstock erect. Leaf blades 1-15 cm × 0.5-3 mm, base 1- or ± 3-veined, faces glabrous or hairy. Scapes erect, 2-60 cm, glabrous or hairy. Inflorescences: invo-lucral sheath 5-32 mm; outermost involucral bract ovate to triangular-lanceolate, 4-14 mm, shorter than, equaling, or exceeding head, mucronate or not; heads 13-28 mm diam. Flowers monomorphic, with all stigmas papillate and pollen reticulate, or dimorphic, with papillate stigmas and finely reticulate pollen or smooth stigmas and coarsely reticulate pollen; calyx tube hairy on and between ribs (holotrichous), on ribs only (pleurotrichous), or glabrous (atrichous); teeth triangular to shallowly triangular, awned or not; corolla pink to white; petals showy and exceeding calyx or reduced and included in calyx. 2n = 18.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Statice maritima Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Statice no. 3. 1768
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Armeria maritima
provided by wikipedia EN
Armeria maritima, the thrift, sea thrift or sea pink, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a compact evergreen perennial which grows in low clumps and sends up long stems that support globes of bright pink flowers. In some cases purple, white or red flowers also occur. It is a popular garden flower and has been distributed worldwide as a garden and cut flower. It does well in gardens designed as xeriscapes or rock gardens. The Latin specific epithet maritima means pertaining to the sea or coastal.[2]
Subspecies
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Armeria maritima subsp. azorica, Franco[3]
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Armeria maritima subsp. californica, synonym: California Seapink[4][5]
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Armeria maritima subsp. elongata, synonym: Tall Thrift, Gaston Bonnier.[6]
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Armeria maritima subsp. maritima[7]
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Armeria maritima subsp. purpurea, synonym: Armeria purpurea W.D.J.Koch, (W.D.J.Koch) Á.Löve and D.Löve[8]
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Armeria maritima subsp. sibirica, synonym: Siberian Sea Thrift, Turczaninow ex Boissier[9][10]
Distribution and habitat
Armeria maritima sensu lato has a circumpolar distribution can be found in the wild in coastal areas across the Northern Hemisphere.[11] It can grow in dry, sandy, saline conditions such as coastal cliffs, grassland and salt marshes, salted roadsides and inland on mountain rocks.[12]: 434 [13]: 70 It is a common sight in British salt marshes, where it flowers April to October.[14]
Armeria maritima has a great copper-tolerance, and is able to grow in soils with copper concentrations of up to 6400 mg/kg. One mechanism proposed is that not much copper is transported up the shoot of the plant, and is excreted from decaying leaves.[15] Some of the physiology and metabolism of this species has been described, of particular note is how the metabolism of this species is altered with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.[16]
Ecology
Pollination is by various insects including bees and Lepidoptera.
It is a known host species to the pathogenic fungus Phoma herbarum.[17]
Conservation
Armeria maritima is a common species in the UK, however there are several subspecies and in England, subspecies elongata (Tall Thrift) has vulnerable conservation status and is designated as a species of principal importance for biodiversity conservation under the NERC Act (2006).
Cultivation
The cultivar 'Vindictive' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [18]
In popular culture
The British threepence coin issued between 1937 and 1952 had a design of thrift on the reverse. In British slang, thrifty means to have bought a lot for very little money and the phrase is though to be the reason why thrift was used as the emblem for the threepence coin (not worth very much money).[19][20]
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose sea thrift as the county flower of the Isles of Scilly.
Thrift was mentioned in Sir John Betjeman's poem 'A Bay in Anglesea'.
Pink Thrift was a memorable part of the description of Kirrin Castle around which many of the adventures of Enid Blyton's Famous Five took place: "The coarse green grass sprang everywhere, and pink thrift grew its cushions in holes and crannies."
References
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^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 11 May 2016
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^ "Armeria maritima - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
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^ "Armeria maritima subsp. azorica Franco | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
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^ "California Sea Pink, Armeria maritima ssp. californica". calscape.org. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
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^ "Armeria maritima ssp. californica". Calflora.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
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^ "Armeria maritima subsp. elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
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^ "Armeria maritima subsp. maritima in Flora of North America". www.efloras.org. Archived from the original on 2006-06-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
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^ "Armeria purpurea W.D.J.Koch". www.worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
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^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center". www.wildflower.org. The University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
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^ "Armeria maritima subsp. sibirica in Flora of North America". www.efloras.org. Archived from the original on 2006-06-21. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
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^ Anderberg, Arne. "Den Virtuella Floran: Trift, Armeria maritima Willd". Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
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^ Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.
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^ Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003). Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora. London: A & C Black. ISBN 978-1408179505.
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^ Wildlife Trusts - Thrift
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^ Brewin LE, Mehra A, Lynch PT, Farago ME (March 2003). "Mechanisms of copper tolerance by Armeria maritima in Dolfrwyong Bog, north Wales—initial studies" (PDF). Environ Geochem Health. 25 (1): 147–56. doi:10.1023/a:1021225721605. PMID 12901090. S2CID 36813793.
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^ Davey, M. P.; Harmens, H.; Ashenden, T. W.; Edwards, R.; Baxter, R. (2007). "Species-specific effects of elevated CO2 on resource allocation in Plantago maritima and Armeria maritima". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 35 (3): 121. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.004.
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^ Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004). Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir [Checklist of Icelandic Fungi I - Microfungi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands [Icelandic Institute of Natural History]. ISSN 1027-832X
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^ "Armeria maritima 'Vindictive'". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
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^ "thrift noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at". Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
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^ "Thrift on old three pence coin".
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Armeria maritima: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Armeria maritima, the thrift, sea thrift or sea pink, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a compact evergreen perennial which grows in low clumps and sends up long stems that support globes of bright pink flowers. In some cases purple, white or red flowers also occur. It is a popular garden flower and has been distributed worldwide as a garden and cut flower. It does well in gardens designed as xeriscapes or rock gardens. The Latin specific epithet maritima means pertaining to the sea or coastal.
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