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Image of European smoketree
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European Smoketree

Cotinus coggygria Scop.

Associations

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In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / sap sucker
Calophya rhois sucks sap of Cotinus coggygria

Foodplant / parasite
Erysiphe alphitoides parasitises Cotinus coggygria

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Description

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Shrubs, 3-5 m tall. Petiole up to 3.5 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 3-8 × 2.5-6 cm, gray pubescent on both sides or more distinctly so abaxially, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded to retuse, lateral veins 6-11 pairs. Inflorescence paniculate, pubescent. Pedicel 7-10 mm; flower ca. 3 mm in diam. Calyx glabrous, lobes ovate-triangular, ca. 1.2 × 0.8 mm. Petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × ca. 1 mm. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm; anthers ovoid, equal to filaments in length. Disk 5-lobed, purplish brown. Ovary subglobose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; styles 3, free, unequal. Drupe reniform, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 mm, glabrous. Fl. Feb-Aug, fr. May-Nov.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 344 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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S. Europe, W. Asia, Himalaya, India, China.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Distribution

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Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [NW India, Nepal, Pakistan; SW Asia, Europe].
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 344 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
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eFloras

Elevation Range

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1100-2400 m
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Habitat

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Hill forests, hill and mountain thickets; 700-2400 m.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 344 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Synonym

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Rhus cotinus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 267. 1753.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 344 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Cotinus coggygria

provided by wikipedia EN

Cotinus coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus, the European smoketree,[1] Eurasian smoketree, smoke tree, smoke bush, Venetian sumach, or dyer's sumach, is a Eurasian species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae.

Description

It is a multiple-branching deciduous shrub growing to 5–7 metres (16–23 feet) tall with an open, spreading, irregular habit, only rarely forming a small tree. The leaves are 3–8 centimetres (1+143+14 inches) long rounded ovals, green with a waxy glaucous sheen. The autumn colour can be strikingly varied, from peach and yellow to scarlet. The flowers are numerous, produced in large inflorescences 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long; each flower 5–10 millimetres (1438 in) in diameter, with five pale yellow petals. Most of the flowers in each inflorescence abort, elongating into yellowish-pink to pinkish-purple feathery plumes (when viewed en masse these have a wispy 'smoke-like' appearance, hence the common name "smoke tree") which surround the small (2–3 mm or 11618 in) drupaceous fruit that develop.

Fossil record

Macrofossils of C. coggygria from the early Pliocene epoch have been found in Western Georgia in the Caucasus region.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The species is native to a large area from southern Europe, east across central Asia and the Himalayas to northern China.

Uses

Ornamental plant

It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant, with several cultivars available. Many of these have been selected for purple foliage and flowers.

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

  • 'Flame'[3]
  • Golden Spirit='Ancot'[4]
  • 'Royal Purple'[5]
  • 'Young Lady'[6]

Dyestuff

The wood was formerly used to make the yellow dye called young fustic (fisetin),[7] now replaced by synthetic dyes.[8]

The species, along with other members of the sumac family, has been used to make red dyes for textiles including weft-wrapped soumak rugs and bags in the Middle East. The names sumac and soumak likely derive from the Arabic and Syriac word ܣܘܡܩܐ 'summāq', meaning "red".[9]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "European smoketree". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  2. ^ The History of the Flora and Vegetation of Georgia by Irina Shatilova, Nino Mchedlishvili, Luara Rukhadze, Eliso Kvavadze, Georgian National Museum Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilisi 2011, ISBN 978-9941-9105-3-1
  3. ^ ""Cotinus" 'Flame'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  4. ^ ""Cotinus coggygria" Golden Spirit='Ancot'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  5. ^ ""Cotinus coggygria" 'Royal Purple'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  6. ^ ""Cotinus coggygria" 'Young Lady'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  7. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fustic" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 375.
  8. ^ "Young fustic". Britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  9. ^ Etymology of Sumac at Etymonline.com and also at "Dictionary English Etymology – Origins – A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English Routledge 1958, Parridge)". Archived from the original on 2014-10-12. Retrieved 2017-09-15. and [1]. Etymology of Rhus at Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. IV R-Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 2306. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.

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Cotinus coggygria: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Cotinus coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus, the European smoketree, Eurasian smoketree, smoke tree, smoke bush, Venetian sumach, or dyer's sumach, is a Eurasian species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
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wikipedia EN