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Golden Zizia

Zizia aurea (L.) W. D. J. Koch

Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Zizia aurea (L.) Koch, Nova Acta Acad Leop.-Carol. 12: 129. 1825.
Smyrniitm aureum L. Sp. PI. 262. 1753.
Thaspiurn aureum Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818.
Sison aureus Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 410. 1820.
Thaspiurn aureum var. aplerum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856.
Carum aureum Benth. & Hook.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 127, as syn. 1888.
Zizia aurea var. oblusifolia Bissell, Rhodora 2: 225. 1900.
Zizia aurea f. oblusifolia Fernald, Rhodora 41: 444. 1939.
Plants 4-8 dm. high; basal leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-10 cm. long, 7-12 cm. broad, 2-ternate or the middle leaflet pinnatifid, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, distinct, sharply serrate; petioles 10-15 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, becoming narrowly lanceolate and confluent upwards; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucel of a few inconspicuous, linear, acute bractlets 1-3 mm. long, shorter than or equaling the pedicels; rays 10-15, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-3.5 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oiltubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave.
Type locality: "America borealis," collector unknown.
Distribution: Eastern Canada to Florida, west to Saskatchewan, Montana, and Texas (Bush 757. Fernald 50).
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bibliographic citation
Albert Charles Smith, Mildred Esther Mathias, Lincoln Constance, Harold William Rickett. 1944-1945. UMBELLALES and CORNALES. North American flora. vol 28B. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Zizia aurea

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Zizia aurea (golden alexanders, golden zizia) is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the carrot family Apiaceae. It is native to eastern Canada and the United States, from the eastern Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast. It is named for Johann Baptist Ziz, a German botanist.[3]

Description

Leaves

Zizia aurea grows to 40 to 75 centimetres (16 to 30 in) tall but can sometimes grow taller. The leaves are 8 cm (3+14 in) long and 5 cm (2 in) wide. They are attached to the stems alternately. Each leaf is compound and odd-pinnate, with leaflets that are normally lanceolate or ovate with serrated edges. The root system consists of a dense cluster of coarse fibrous roots.[4]

It blooms from May to June. Its flowers are yellow and grow in a flat-topped umbel at the top of the plant. Each flower is only 3 mm (0.12 in) long and has five sepals, five petals, and five stamens. Each flower produces a single 3 to 4 mm (0.12 to 0.16 in) long, oblong fruit (schizocarp) containing two seeds. In the fall both the leaves and the fruit turn purple.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Golden Alexander is native to the United States and Canada. It grows from New Brunswick to Saskatchewan, south to Florida and Texas, and west to Montana.[5] It is found in a broad variety of habitats, such as moist black soil prairies, openings in moist to mesic woodlands, savannas, thickets, limestone glades and bluffs, power line clearings in woodland areas, abandoned fields, and wet meadows.[4][6] It can tolerate dry summers even though it prefers wet habitats.[4] It is hardy in USDA zones 4–9.

Ecology

It is a host plant for the caterpillars of the black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes asterius) and Ozark swallowtail (Papilio joanae) butterflies.[4] Females of the mining bee species Andrena ziziae are oligolectic on Zizia aurea—they eat only its pollen.[6] Dozens of species of bees, flies, wasps, butterflies, and other insects visit the flowers of Zizia aurea for its nectar.[6]

References

  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  2. ^ "Zizia aurea". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. ^ Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J.Koch Wisconsin State Herbarium, UW-Madison
  4. ^ a b c d e Hilty, John (2020). "Golden Alexanders (Zizia aurea)". Illinois Wildflowers.
  5. ^ USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet for Z. aurea Retrieved 2010-03-08
  6. ^ a b c Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
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Zizia aurea: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Zizia aurea (golden alexanders, golden zizia) is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the carrot family Apiaceae. It is native to eastern Canada and the United States, from the eastern Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast. It is named for Johann Baptist Ziz, a German botanist.

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