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Glissandra innuerende Patterson and Simpson, 1996. Gliding protist with almost spherical body measuring 5 - 8 microns in diameter, with two flagella, inserting laterally, side by side and subapically into a small ventral groove. The groove extends to the front margin of the cell being occasionally evident as a slight discontinuity. Flagella about equal in length and about 2.5 times body length. Both flagella lie against the substrate in gliding cells, with one directed anteriorly and the other posteriorly. Only the tip of the anterior flagellum moves back and forward during gliding, with the remainder of the flagellum pointing stiffly in the direction of motion (similar to behaviour of the flagellum during gliding in the euglenid genus Petalomonas). Cytoplasm often filled with small granules.
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Collodictyon, flagellate with 4 flagella, an irregular outline and ventral groove. Consumes algae and other small particles in the phytoplankton. This form has also been reported under the name Polytomella. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Phase contrast.
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Sulcomonas Brugerolle, 2006, free-living heterotrophic small flagellate (10 µm) with two sub-apical flagella and a ventral groove extending across the whole cell length and used to phagocytose bacteria; collodictyonid relationships. Phase contrast.
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Collodictyon, flagellate with 4 flagella, an irregular outline and ventral groove. Consumes algae and other small particles in the phytoplankton. This form has also been reported under the name Polytomella. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Phase contrast.
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Sulcomonas Brugerolle, 2006, free-living heterotrophic small flagellate (10 µm) with two sub-apical flagella and a ventral groove extending across the whole cell length and used to phagocytose bacteria; collodictyonid relationships. Drawing.
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Portrait of Collodictyon, a free-living heterotrophic flagellate of uncertain affinity. The cell has a ventral groove, flanked posteriorly by two rounded projections. There are four flagella about one and a half times the cell length . Collodictyon is a voracious feeder. The cell ingests other protists via the central groove. T A relationship to the biflagellate Diphyelleia has been suggested based on EM studies of the flagellar apparatus, dictyosomes and mitochondrial structure (Brugerolle, G. et al. Protist 153:59-70, 2002). From a temporary polysaprobic freshwater farm pond near Boise, Idaho. Differential interference contrast.
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Portrait of Collodictyon, a free-living heterotrophic flagellate of uncertain affinity. The cell has a ventral groove, flanked posteriorly by two rounded projections. There are four flagella about one and a half times the cell length. The anterior nucleus with its prominent nucleolus is seen near the flagellar insertion. Numerous food vacuoles occupy the cytoplasm. Collodictyon is a voracious feeder. The cell ingests other protists via the central groove. A relationship to the biflagellate Dphyelleia has been suggested based on EM studies of the flagellar apparatus, dictyosomes and mitochondrial structure (Brugerolle, G. et al. Protist 153:59-70, 2002). From a temporary polysaprobic freshwater farm pond near Boise, Idaho. Differential interference contrast.
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Portrait of Collodictyon, a free-living heterotrophic flagellate of uncertain affinity. The cell has a ventral groove, flanked posteriorly by two rounded projections. There are four flagella about one and a half times the cell length. Collodictyon is a voracious feeder. The cell ingests other protists via the central groove. This cell has been grossly distorted by ingestion of the diatom, Actinella. A relationship to the biflagellate Diphyelleia has been suggested based on EM studies of the flagellar apparatus, dictyosomes and mitochondrial structure (Brugerolle, G. et al. Protist 153:59-70, 2002). From a temporary polysaprobic freshwater farm pond near Boise, Idaho. Differential interference contrast.
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Diphylleia rotans Massart, 1920. Swimming flagellate, about 23 microns with two long apical and equal flagella inserting near the anterior end at the top of a ventral groove formed by the curving lateral margins of the cell. Phagotrophic.
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Diphylleia rotans (syn Aulacomonas submarina Skuja,1939) is a small flagellate of about 25 µm in length, with two apically inserted long flagella. Cell body with an anterior nucleus and a ventral groove and two posterior points. Freshwater free-living heterotrophic species that phagocytoses preys such as bacteria through the ventral groove. Two anterior flagella and a posterior indentation (phase contrast micrograph).
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Scanning EM showing the ventral groove and the two long anterior flagella.
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Scanning EM showing the ventral groove
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Description: English: Laterosulcal view, of Collodictyon showing vacuolated cytoplasm, sulcus, vesicular nucleus with karyosome and peripheral chromatin, blepharoplast of two basal granules surrounded by granular archoplasm, four flagella, and rhizoplast. Date: 1917. Source:
https://archive.org/download/binaryfissioninc00rhodrich/binaryfissioninc00rhodrich.pdf Binary Fission in Collodictyon triciliatum Carter plate 7 figure 1, contrast enhanced. Author: Robert Clinton Rhodes 1887- (see auther @
Binary fission in Collodictyon triciliatum Carter. Citation: "Evidence reported by ian white for item binaryfissioninc00rhodrich on March 20, 2007: no visible notice of copyright; stated date is 1919.").
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Russell J. S. Orr, Sen Zhao, Dag Klaveness, Akinori Yabuki, Keiji Ikeda, Makoto M. Watanabe, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
Wikimedia Commons
Description: English: Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) micrographs of Collodictyon triciliatum strain Å85 from Lake Årungen, Norway as an example of Diphyllatea-clade Diphy II; scale bar 10 μm; amoeboid property. Date: 18 July 2018. Source: Fig. 1h at Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher order taxonomic diversity and global distribution. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology vol. 18, issue 115;
doi:0.1186/s12862-018-1224-z. Author: Russell J. S. Orr, Sen Zhao, Dag Klaveness, Akinori Yabuki, Keiji Ikeda, Makoto M. Watanabe, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi.
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Description: English: Fig. B. 1-4. Extrusion of Lagerheimia by Collodictyon, showing false pseudopodia. 5-8. Unsuccessful attempt of Collodictyon to engulf long Ulothrix filament. Diagrammatic. X 750. 5. Extension of protoplasmic sheath along filament. 6. Contraction of protoplasmic sheath forcing the filament anteriorly, pushing out the surface. This was repeated several times. 7. Retraction of protoplasmic sheath. 8. Extrusion of filament. Date: 1917. Source:
https://archive.org/download/binaryfissioninc00rhodrich/binaryfissioninc00rhodrich.pdf Binary Fission in Collodictyon triciliatum Carter. Author: Robert Clinton Rhodes 1887- (see auther @
Binary fission in Collodictyon triciliatum Carter. Citation: "Evidence reported by ian white for item binaryfissioninc00rhodrich on March 20, 2007: no visible notice of copyright; stated date is 1919.").
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Russell J. S. Orr, Sen Zhao, Dag Klaveness, Akinori Yabuki, Keiji Ikeda, Makoto M. Watanabe, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
Wikimedia Commons
Description: English: Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) micrographs of Collodictyon triciliatum strain Å85 from Lake Årungen, Norway as an example of Diphyllatea-clade Diphy II; scale bar 10 μm; swimming cell. Date: 18 July 2018. Source: Fig. 1i at Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher order taxonomic diversity and global distribution. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology vol. 18, issue 115;
doi:0.1186/s12862-018-1224-z. Author: Russell J. S. Orr, Sen Zhao, Dag Klaveness, Akinori Yabuki, Keiji Ikeda, Makoto M. Watanabe, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi.
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Description: English:
Collodictyon meets
Pandorina and loses out. Escape of Pandorina and subsequent dissolution of Collodictyon due to drying. Diagrammatic. × 750. 1. Pandorina within food vacuole. 2. Pandorina swimming away; ruptured surface of Collodictyon. 3, 4. Apparent healing of torn surface. 5. Fusion of ends of protoplasmic processes, enclosing water vacuole; of frequent occurrence. 6-8. Resorption of protoplasmic processes. 8, 9. Flattening of body; formation of pathological vacuoles indicative of dissolution. 10. Bursting of vacuole at anterior region of sulcus. 11. Further dissolution, rupturing posteriad along the sulcus. 12. Nucleus and blepharoplast freed by dissolution, a. Nucleus; nuclear membrane persisted for two minutes. b. Rupture of nuclear membrane, c. Karyosome; persisted for thirty minutes; finally broke up into small granules, d. Blepharoplast; basal granules surrounded by archoplasm, flagella still moving, e. Rupturing of archoplasmic mass; flagella cease beating. Date: 1917. Source:
https://archive.org/download/binaryfissioninc00rhodrich/binaryfissioninc00rhodrich.pdf#page=25 Binary Fission in Collodictyon triciliatum Carter. Author: Robert Clinton Rhodes 1887- (see auther @
Binary fission in Collodictyon triciliatum Carter. Citation: "Evidence reported by ian white for item binaryfissioninc00rhodrich on March 20, 2007: no visible notice of copyright; stated date is 1919.").
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Russell J. S. Orr, Sen Zhao, Dag Klaveness, Akinori Yabuki, Keiji Ikeda, Makoto M. Watanabe, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi
Wikimedia Commons
Description: English: Phase contrast image of Collodictyon triciliatum strain Å85 from Lake Årungen, Norway; scale bar 10 μm; resting stage or cyst. Date: 18 July 2018. Source: Fig. 1f at Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher order taxonomic diversity and global distribution. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology vol. 18, issue 115;
doi:0.1186/s12862-018-1224-z. Author: Russell J. S. Orr, Sen Zhao, Dag Klaveness, Akinori Yabuki, Keiji Ikeda, Makoto M. Watanabe, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi.
