Embryophytes

Figure 1. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140: A habit, leaf arrangement and fertile spikes B close up of sterile leaf arrangement showing subopposite decussate leaf arrangement and ovate-oval leaves C close up of fertile spike showing scale like sporophylls and a sporangium. Scale bar: 10 cm (A); 1 cm (B, C). Illustration by A.R.Field.

Figure 2. Phlegmariurusnummulariifolius ARF0002: A basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement B medial region of shoot showing adpressed leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view C distal region of shoot showing abrupt transition to sporophylls and filiform fertile spikes. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis ARF1140 D basal region of shoot showing branching pattern and leaf arrangement E medial region of shoot showing divergent leaf arrangement in facial and lateral view F distal region of shoot showing gradual transition to sporophylls and funiform-filiform fertile spikes. Photos by A.R.Field

Figure 18. Distribution map of Blitumvirgatum.

Figure 20. SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).

Figure 21. Distribution map of Dysphaniaambrosioides (circles) and D.himalaica (stars).

Figure 20. SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).

Figure 22. Distribution map of Dysphaniabhutanica (circles) and D.kitiae (stars).

Figure 20. SEM micrographs: A perianth of DysphaniaambrosioidesB pericarp of DysphaniaambrosioidesC perianth of D.himalaicaD pericarp of D.himalaicaE perianth of D.bhutanicaF pericarp of D.bhutanicaG perianth of D.kitiaeH pericarp of D.kitiae. Magnification: 150× (A), 250× (C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).

Figure 22. Distribution map of Dysphaniabhutanica (circles) and D.kitiae (stars).

Figure 23. SEM micrographs: A perianth of D.botrysB pericarp of D.botrysC perianth of D.geoffreyiD pericarp of D.geoffreyiE perianth of D.neglectaF pericarp of D.neglectaG perianth of D.nepalensisH pericarp of D.nepalensis. Magnification: 250× (A, C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).

Figure 24. Distribution map of Dysphaniabotrys (circles) and D.geoffreyi (stars).

Figure 25. SEM micrograph of Dysphaniatibetica perianth segment, magnification 250×.

Figure 26. SEM micrographs of Dysphaniatibetica: A, B fruit with red seed C, D fruit with brown seed. Magnification: 75× (A, C), 500× (B, D).

Figure 27. Distribution map of Dysphaniatibetica (circles) and D.neglecta (stars).

Figure 3. Dysphanianepalensis (red plant) at fruiting stage and D.neglecta (green plant) at blooming stage. Photograph by A. Sukhorukov (Midwestern Nepal, Mugu distr., October 2014).

Figure 23. SEM micrographs: A perianth of D.botrysB pericarp of D.botrysC perianth of D.geoffreyiD pericarp of D.geoffreyiE perianth of D.neglectaF pericarp of D.neglectaG perianth of D.nepalensisH pericarp of D.nepalensis. Magnification: 250× (A, C, E, G), 500× (B, D, F, H).

Figure 27. Distribution map of Dysphaniatibetica (circles) and D.neglecta (stars).

Figure 30. Distribution map of Axyrismira (circles) and A.sphaerosperma (star).

Figure 33. SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.

Figure 34. Distribution map of Corispermumfalcatum (circles), C.nanum (stars), C.pamiricum (squares) and C.dutreuiliivar.montanum (triangles).

Figure 33. SEM micrographs of Corispermum fruits: AC.falcatumBC.nanumCC.pamiricumDC.dutreuiliivar.montanumEC.dutreuiliivar.dutreuiliiFC.pseudofalcatum. Magnification: 30×.

Figure 34. Distribution map of Corispermumfalcatum (circles), C.nanum (stars), C.pamiricum (squares) and C.dutreuiliivar.montanum (triangles).

Figure 8. SEM micrographs of Chenopodium fruits and seeds. A pericarp surface of C.karoiB, C seed of C.karoiD fruit of C.bengalense enclosed in perianth E, F seed of C.bengalense. Magnification: 350× (A), 50× (B, D, E), 200× (C, F).

Figure 7. Distribution map of Chenopodiumharae (stars) and C.karoi (circles).