Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species[2] of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials.
The leaves are evergreen and well-developed in a basal aggregation on an erect stem. They are alternate and tristichous (i.e., with three rows of leaves up the stem, each row of leaves arising one-third of the way around the stem from the previous leaf). Only in the genus Distichia are the leaves distichous. The rushes of the genus Juncus have flat, hairless leaves or cylindrical leaves. The leaves of the wood-rushes of the genus Luzula are always flat and bear long white hairs.
The plants are hermaphroditic or, rarely, dioecious. The small flowers are arranged in inflorescences of loose cymes, but also in rather dense heads or corymbs at the top of the stem or at its side. This family typically has reduced perianth segments called tepals. These are usually arranged in two whorls, each containing three thin, papery tepals. They are not bright or flashy in appearance, and their color can vary from greenish to whitish, brown, purple, black, or hyaline. The three stigmas are in the center of the flowers. As is characteristic of monocots, all of the flower parts appear in multiples of three.
The fruit is usually a nonfleshy, three-sectioned dehiscent capsule containing many seeds.
The dried pith of plants of this family were used to make a type of candle known as a rushlight.[3]
The common rush (Juncus effusus) is called igusa in Japanese and is used to weave the soft surface cover of tatami mats.[4]
In medieval Europe, loose fresh rushes would be strewn on earthen floors in dwellings for cleanliness and insulation. Particularly favored for such a purpose was Acorus calamus (sweet flag), but despite its alternate vernacular name "sweet rush", it is a plant from a different monocot order, Acorales.[5] Up until the 1960s in Ireland, rushes were spread on the earthen floor of homes during wet weather to help keep the floor dry during periods of snow or rain, or during hot weather to keep rooms cool. Rushes used in Ireland included Juncus effusus, Juncus glaucus, and Juncus conglomeratus.[3]
The stems and leaves of Juncus kraussii were used by Indigenous Australians for fibre, for string, fishing lines, woven rugs and woven baskets. It is commonly used today for stabilisation of the banks of estuaries, around salt marshes and riparian zones next to sites developed for human use. It is also used in biofiltration systems and rain gardens.[6]
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials.
La famille des joncacées ou juncacées regroupe des plantes monocotylédones. Elle comprend environ 400 espèces réparties en 6-9 genres.
Ce sont des plantes herbacées ou des arbustes (rarement) des lieux humides, des zones froides à tempérées (jusqu'aux zones montagneuses tropicales). Dans cette famille on trouve les joncs genre Juncus L. à feuilles généralement cylindriques et les luzules genre Luzula DC. à feuilles planes.
Le nom vient du genre Juncus de junc nom latin de ces plantes, peut-être dérivé du latin jungere (joindre) : les Joncs étant utilisés comme liens[1].
En classification classique de Cronquist (1981) cette famille était dans l'ordres des Juncales.
La classification phylogénétique APG II (2003) situe l'espèce Prionium serratum dans les Thurniaceae.
Selon World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) (20 avr. 2010)[2] et NCBI (20 avr. 2010)[3] :
Selon Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (19 mai 2010)[4] :
Selon DELTA Angio (20 avr. 2010)[5] :
Selon ITIS (20 avr. 2010)[6] :
La famille des joncacées ou juncacées regroupe des plantes monocotylédones. Elle comprend environ 400 espèces réparties en 6-9 genres.
Ce sont des plantes herbacées ou des arbustes (rarement) des lieux humides, des zones froides à tempérées (jusqu'aux zones montagneuses tropicales). Dans cette famille on trouve les joncs genre Juncus L. à feuilles généralement cylindriques et les luzules genre Luzula DC. à feuilles planes.
골풀과(--科, 학명: Juncaceae 융카케아이[*])는 벼목의 과이다.[1]
세계의 온대 및 극지·고산 등지의 추운 습지에 분포하며, 세계적으로 약 8속의 471종 가량이 알려져 있다. 대부분 초본이지만, 남아프리카에는 관목 모양인 속(屬)도 있다.
줄기는 곧게 뻗으며 대부분 가지로 나누어지지 않는다. 잎은 대개 줄기 밑부분에 달리고, 꽃은 방사대칭이며 보통 6개의 작은 꽃덮이조각을 가지고 있다. 수술은 6개 또는 3개이며, 꽃덮이조각과 마주난다. 씨방은 상위로, 1-3개의 방을 가지며 암술머리는 3개가 있다. 열매는 삭과로 그 안에는 3개 또는 여러 개의 씨가 있다. 풍매화로서 사초과와 비슷하며 또한 백합과(충매화)와도 가깝다고 한다.
