Louisiana Crawfish

Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) clarkii (Girard)

Cambarus Clarkii Girard, 1852:91.—Hagen, 1870:59, figs. 7–10, 99, 100, 133, 134, 142, pl. 4.

Cambarus clarkii.—Faxon, 1898:644.

Cambarus (Cambarus) clarki.—Ortmann, 1905c: 102.

Cambarus (Ortmannicus) clarkii.—Fowler, 1912:341 [by implication].

Cambarus clarkii clarkii.—Faxon, 1914:369 [by implication].

Procambarus clarkii.—Hobbs, 1942a:342 [by implication]; 1962b:273, figs. 1–9.

Procambarus clarki.—Penn and Hobbs, 1958:466, figs. 2, 21, 36, 49, 65.

Procambarus clarcii.—Unestam, 1969:203 [erroneous spelling].

Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) clarkii.—Hobbs, 1972a:12.

TYPES.—Destroyed in Chicago fire, 1871 (Faxon, 1914:414).

TYPES-LOCALITY.—Between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte, Texas.

RANGE.—Northern Mexico to Escambia County, Florida, and north to southern Illinois.

HABITAT.—Lentic and lotic situations and burrows.

Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) clarkii (Girard)

Cambarus Clarkii Girard, 1852:91.—Hagen, 1870:39, figs. 7–10, 99, 100, 133, 134, 142, pl. 4.

Cambarus clarkii.—Faxon, 1898:645.

Cambarus clarki.—Hay, 1902b:437.

Cambarus (Cambarus) clarki.—Ortmann, 1905b:401.

Cambarus (Ortmannicus) clarkii.—Fowler, 1912:341 [by implication].

Cambarus clarkii clarkii.—Faxon, 1914:369 [by implication].

Procambarus clarkii clarkii.—Hobbs, 1942a:342 [by implication].

Procambarus clarkii.—Hobbs, 1942b:103; 1962b:273, figs. 1–9.—Huner, 1977:10.—Pflieger, 1987a:30; 1987b:14.

Cambaus clarkii.—Okada, 1948:133 [erroneous spelling].

Procambarus clarki.—Fingermann and Lago, 1957:383.—Penn and Hobbs, 1958:466, figs. 2, 21, 36, 49, 65.

Procambrus clarkii.—Sukô, 1961:37 [erroneous spelling].

Procambarus (Cambarus) clarkii.—Niiyama, 1962:232.

Procambarus clarcii.—Unestam, 1969:203 [erroneous spelling].

Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) clarkii.—Hobbs, 1972a:12; 1974b:65, fig. 283.

P[rocambarus] (O[rtmannicus]) clarki.—Bouchard, 1972b:102 [lapsus].

Procamborus clarkii.—Franzini-Armstrong, 1976:218 [erroneous spelling].

Procamburus clarkii.—Brown and Bowler, 1978:34 [erroneous spelling].

Combarus clarkii.—Shinozaki and Ishida, 1981:50 [erroneous spelling].

Procambarius clarki.—Mauro, Thompson, and Melacha, 1983:938 [erroneous spelling].

Procambambarus clarkii.—Appelberg, 1983:67 [erroneous spelling].

Cambarus calrkii.—Morales, Bozada, and Casanova, 1987:188 [erroneous spelling].

TYPES.—Destroyed in Chicago fire, 1871 (Faxon, 1914:414).

TYPE LOCALITY.—Between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte, Texas.

RANGE.—Northern Mexico to Escambia County, Florida, and north to southern Illinois and Ohio. Widely introduced in the United States and elsewhere; Huner (1986) recorded the following introductions: Arizona, California, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Maryland, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Island of Cyprus, Japan, Kenya, People's Republic of China, Portugal, Spain, Taiwan, and Uganda. It has also been introduced into Oklahoma and into Utah (Johnson, 1986:630). Limited cultivation is in progress in Colombia, France, and Zambia, and introductions are planned or have been made in Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe.

HABITAT.—Lentic and lotic situations and burrows (tertiary burrower).