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California Bulrush

Schoenoplectus californicus (C. A. Mey.) Soják

Comments

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Schoenoplectus californicus forms sterile hybrids with S. acutus in California (see 1. S. tabernaemontani) (S. G. Smith 1995). It reportedly occurs in Pope County, Illinois, although I have not seen a specimen.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 45, 46, 48, 50 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Rhizomes 10–15 mm diam. Culms bluntly trigonous with nearly flat sides throughout to cylindric proximally, obscurely trigonous distally, 1–4 m × 4–10 mm, smooth. Leaves 3–4, basal, ca. 1/6 culm length; sheath fronts coarsely pinnate-fibrillose; blades 0–1, dorsiventrally flat, not more than 1/2 sheath length, distal blade to 20 × 2 mm. Inflorescences 3 or more times branched, branches to 21 cm; proximal bract usually erect, obtusely trigonous to subcylindric-channeled, 1–8 cm, margins often scabridulous. Spikelets 25–150+, solitary and in clusters of 2 or more, 5–11 × 3 mm; scales orange-brown, brightly lineolate-spotted, broadly oval, 2.5 × 2 mm, margins ciliolate, flanks veinless, apex rounded, notch 0.1–0.2 mm deep, awn not contorted, usually bent outward, 0.3 mm, sparsely scabrous. Flowers: perianth members 2–4, dark red-brown, thickly strap-shaped or trigonous, equaling achenes, fringed with brownish, soft, blunt hairs; anthers 1.5 mm; styles 2-fid. Achenes dark gray-brown when ripe, unequally biconvex or plano-convex, ovoid to obovoid, 1.8–2.2 × 1.3 mm; beak 0.2 mm. 2n = 68.
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 45, 46, 48, 50 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Fla., Ga., Kans., La., Miss., Nev., N.Mex., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America (s to Argentina, Chile); Pacific Islands (Cook Islands, Easter Island, Hawaii); introduced, New Zealand.
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 45, 46, 48, 50 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Fruiting spring–summer.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 45, 46, 48, 50 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Brackish to fresh marshes, shores, often emergent in water; 0–1400m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 45, 46, 48, 50 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Elytrospermum californicum C. A. Meyer, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci.-Math. 1: 201, plate 2, fig. 2. 1830; Scirpus californicus (C. A. Meyer) Steudel
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 45, 46, 48, 50 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Scirpus californicus (C. Meyer) Steud Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 538. 1841.
Elytrospermum californicum C. Meyer, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. Sav. Etr. 1: 201. 1831. Scirpus rigidus Schrad.; Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 1 : 107, as syn. 1842. Scirpus decipiens St.-Hil.; Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2 1 : 208, as syn. 1842. Malacochaete assimilis Ces. Atti Accad. Sci. Nap. 5 7 : 17. 1871.
Culms 1-4 m. tall, 3 mm. broad at the summit, to 3 cm. broad at the base, green, triangular at least at the summit, smooth, stout; roots spongy, reddish; basal sheaths dark brown; inflorescence contracted or more usually open, the spikelets 1-4 on smooth rays, the primary rays to 2.5 dm. long, the secondary to 5 cm. long, the tertiary to 3 cm. long; outer involucral bract 2-1 1 cm. long, smooth, stiffly erect; bractlets to 5 cm. long, smooth, the upper scale-like; spikelets numerous, 5-10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, brown, ovate-acute; scales 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, smooth, brown or light brown flecked with darker brown, the margins entire, the midrib mucronate; bristles 2-4, dark red, plumose; style bifid, reddish; achene 2 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad, dark brown, smooth, lenticular, bluntly apiculate.
Type locality: California.
Distribution: South Carolina and Florida, west to California, south to Argentina and Chile; the Hawaiian Islands.
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bibliographic citation
Alan Ackerman Beetle. 1947. (POALES); (CYPERACEAE); SCIRPEAE (PARS). North American flora. vol 18(8) New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Schoenoplectus californicus

provided by wikipedia EN

Schoeneoplectus californicus is a species of sedge known by the common names California bulrush,[2] southern bulrush and giant bulrush. It is also sometimes called "tule", but the closely related Schoenoplectus acutus is the species most often referred to by that name.

Description

Schoenoplectus californicus is a rhizomed water plant found in marshy areas. It is native to the southern and western United States as well as Mexico, Central America, South America, Easter Island, and the Falkland Islands. It is naturalized on some Pacific islands including New Zealand, Hawaii and the Cook Islands.[1][3][4][5] It has tall, thin, dark green stems which are usually triangular in cross-section and woolly, bristly tan or brown flowers in panicle inflorescences.[6][7]

Caballos de Totora in Huanchaco Peru

Uses

A notable subspecies is the totora, Schoenoplectus californicus subsp. tatora. This is famous for making up the floating islands on which the Uros people of Lake Titicaca dwell, as well as occurring on isolated Easter Island in the Pacific.[8]

Boats have also been made from this plant by many cultures, including the Caballito de totora in Peru for over 3,000 years. The plants are still farmed in wetlands next to the sea for the boats, and there is also an ecological reserve that specifically protects these sedge farms called the Swamps of Huanchaco. [9]

References

  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Schoenoplectus californicus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
  3. ^ Biota of North America Program, 2013 country distribution map
  4. ^ Adams, C. D. 1994. 17. Schoenoplectus (H.G. Reichb.) Palla. 6: 449–450. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
  5. ^ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  6. ^ Jepson Interchange: Schoenoplectus californicus
  7. ^ Gonzalez. 2007. Sinopsis de Scirpus s.l. (Cyperaceae) para México. Acta Botánica Mexicana 82: 15–41.
  8. ^ Charles Heiser. 1978. The Totora (Scirpus Californicus) in Ecuador and Peru. Economic Botany July–September 1978, Volume 32, Issue 3, pp 222-236
  9. ^ "(spanish) Swamps of Huanchaco" (PDF). Retrieved 2 May 2021.

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Schoenoplectus californicus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Schoeneoplectus californicus is a species of sedge known by the common names California bulrush, southern bulrush and giant bulrush. It is also sometimes called "tule", but the closely related Schoenoplectus acutus is the species most often referred to by that name.

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