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Aberdeen, California, United States
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Epipactis pontica Taubenheim, syn.: Epipactis helleborine subsp. pontica (Taubenheim) H. Sund., Epipactis persica subsp. pontica (Taubenheim) H. Baumann & R. LorenzFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found; eventually Pontic Helleborine, DE: Pontus-Stndelwurz, Pontische StndelwurzSlo.: pontska movirnicaDat.: July 14. 2015Lat.: 46.35987 Long.: 13.70374 (WGS84)Code: Bot_0901/2015_DSC7771Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from cottage Skokar farmhouse, Trenta 2 to the cottage Trenta 2a, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Habitat: Moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; Fagus sylvatica forest with scattered Picea abies, with sparse or no herb floor coverage and nearly closed canopies; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; warm, semi dry, in shade place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies, elevation from 580 m (1.900 feet) to 600 m (1.970 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comment: Epipactis pontica is a rather rare wild forest orchid in Slovenia and elsewhere. It was first described in north Turkey growing in beech forests along Black Sea shore, where it was a short time considered endemic. But, soon after that it was found in north Greece and Bulgaria. Today it is known from northeast Italy, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, northwest Hungary and former Czechoslovakia (Ref.: 3). In Slovenia it was discovered not earlier than at the end of last century (Ref.: 8). The most notable traits of the species are: low and gracile habit, thin steam particularly of the florescence, small number of leaves and flowers, to some extent one-sided inflorescence, flowers have wide transition between hypo- and epiphyll and dominant green tones everywhere and specially in sepals. Traits vary somewhat from population to population in different countries (Ref.: 6), so do their descriptions. Pinkish tones in the perianth are rare as it is the case with these finds. They are typical for Italian populations (Ref.: 2) that is in the west neighboring regions to Trenta valley. In Bulgaria the flowering period between the last 10 days of July and the first 10 days of August is characteristic (Ref.: 5). So it appears is also true in Slovenia where all of a few tens of records fall between July 15. and August 10. (Ref. 7, Ref.:11). Habitat is also very characteristic. Look at the picture no. 26. of the album, which shows a striking similarity of the typical habitats published by AHO Bayern (Ref.:3) and in the Trenta valley.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)Ref.:(1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 92.(3)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_pont.html (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(4)
flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Epipactis-pontica.htm (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/237765369_Epipactis_pont... (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(6)
www.zobodat.at/pdf/Fl-Austr-Novit_4_0001-0010.pdf opis slika(7)
www.orhideje.si (accessed Aug. 26, 2020)(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 79.(9) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.(10) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 765. (11) T. Selikar, B. Vre, A. Selikar, FLOVEGSI data base, The 'Jovan Hadi' Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, 2003;
bijh.zrc-sazu.si/sl/zbirka/podatkovna-zbirka-flovegsi-fav... (accessed Aug. 26. 2020)
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2009.08.02 Austria, Upper Austria, district Freistadt (spruce monoculture forest, 800 m AMSL).Side and back; unfortunately, a shot of the head would have been necessary to identify species without doubt (it could be both V. germanica and V. vulgaris, or yet another one).Very common; here on flower of Epipactis helleborine ssp. helleborine.German name: Wespe
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Epipactis purpurata Sm., syn.: Helleborine purpurata (Sm.) Druce, Epipactis latifolia subsp. purpurata (Sm.) K. Richt., Epipactis halacsyi Robatsch, Epipactis pollinensis B. Baumann & H. Baumann, Epipactis sessilifolia Peterm., Epipactis violacea (Dur.-Doq.) Boreau, Epipactis viridiflora (Hoffm.) Krock. and about 40 other names including lower taxaFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: Violet Helleborine, DE: Violette StendelwurzSlo.: purpurna movirnica Dat.: August 10. 2011Lat.: 45.72706 Long.: 14.38057 (WGS84)Code: Bot_542/2001_IMG6228Habitat: Mixed forest with little or no ground vegetation; growing under Picea abies; almost flat terrain; humid place in dark shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.800-2.00 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: South of the Cerknica intermittent lake, south of the local road from Village Otok to village Laze pri Gornjem Jezeru, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Epipactis purpurata is usually growing in dark forests having closed canopies and almost no ground vegetation. The stout plants grow from extensive rootstocks, often in clumps of stems. They may look quite variously and by no means always violet or purple as their names suggest. More often a general appearance is greenish with olive tint and eventually with some parts having purple-violet tint (Ref.:5). The species is to variable degree dependent on mycorrhizal relation with plants and may therefore contain different amount of chlorophyll. Hence their color may vary from green to completely pink or purple. The species is rare in Slovenia (Ref.:8) and also in most other countries (Ref.:4).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1033.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 767. (4)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_purp.html (accessed August 31. 2020)(5)
www.orchidsofbritainandeurope.co.uk/Epipactis%20purpurata... (accessed August 31. 2020)(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 97.(7) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 142.(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 81.
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Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz, syn.: Helleborine palustris (L.) Schrank, Serapias palustris L.) Mill.Marsh Helleborine, DE: Weie SumpfwurzSlo.: navadna movirnicaDat.: June 18. 2015Lat.: 46.37093 Long.: 13.73129Code: Bot_888/2015_IMG8398Habitat: unmaintained grassland, not mowed or fertilized for a long time, near river Soa, flat terrain, open sunny place, alluvial, calcareous ground, shallow ground water, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, somewhat downstream of village Trenta, northwest of the road Bovec - Vri, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Epipactis palustris is one of the species of genus Epipactis, which is easy to find and properly determine. It is not so with other numerous members of this genus. Epipactis palustris also belongs to the three species (along with Epipactis atrorubens and Epipactis helleborine), which are the most frequent and wide spread in Slovenia and in the Alps and other European mountains and also outside of them. The plant loves humid places and calcareous ground. It is spread mostly at low elevations but can occasionally climb up to subalpine elevations. The flowers are relatively large and with little doubt the most beautiful in the genus. Picture 10 shows them in buds. They were growing in large groups of several ten plants along with with other wild orchids Gymnadenia conopsea ssp. conopsea, Neotinea ustulata (syn.: Orchis ustulata), Gymnadenia odoratissima and Epipactis atrorubens. Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002). Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) B.Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 77.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 763. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1098.(4) H.Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 136.(5) H.Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 89.
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Epipactis x schmalhausenii Richter = Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis atrorubensFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: Schmalhausen's Helleborine? DE: Hybride zwischen Braunroter- und Breitblttriger Stndelwurz, Schmalhausen StndelwurzSlo.: Schalhausenova movirnicaDat.: June 20. 2011Lat.: 46.32589 Long.: 13.58716 (WGS84)Code: Bot_0526/2011_IMG5476Picture file names: from Epipactis-x-schmalhausenii_raw_10 to Epipactis-x-schmalhausenii_raw_15.Habitat: dirt road side, locally almost flat terrain, steep mountain slope, northwest aspect; open, dry, mostly sunny place; skeletal, stony, calcareous ground; elevation 680 m (2.230 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northwest slopes of Mt. Javorek; at the end of an abandoned, dirt road leading from the village ezsoa up the mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: (relates to the album Epipactis x schmalhausenii - II): Epipactis x schmalhausenii is a hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis atrorubens. Both parent species are quite common in the Bovec basin and upstream along the Soa river and its tributaries. The plant was photographed in 2011 and tentatively determined as 'a strange variant' of Epipactis atrorubens (neither the shape of the flowers nor of the stalk leaves fit to 'standard') and then forgotten in my photo archive. This year (2020), after I found the hybrid Epipactis x schmalhausenii in the Lower Trenta valley I recollected these pictures and made a hybridization index calculation based on the methodology described in Adamowski (1995) (Ref. 6.). I took into the analysis all the traits, which I was able to observe using measurements of morphological details on the pictures. Of cause, some traits used in Adamowski (1995) could not be depicted from them, for example flowers' smell. But I added into the analysis three additional morphological traits related to the shape of the flowers. Namely: 1) the ratio between width of hypochile H (more precisely edge to edge distance of the cavity) and the width of the epichile E, 2) the ratio of the width of the transition gap between hypochile and epichile P and the width of the epichile E and 3) the ratio of the width of the flowers SS (distance between side sepals) to the width of the epichile E. These three ratios were then compared to the values measured on several parent plants found in this region during last few years. The result of the comparison of lip proportions (E, P and H) is shown on Fig. 15. One can clearly see that the lip proportions of the plant studied fall in between both parent species.Altogether 10 traits have been analyzed. The calculated hybridization index falls nicely between both parents. The share of the Epipactis atrorubens is about 55% and the share of the Epipactis helleborine about 45%. Of cause, these numbers should not be taken too rigorously since they certainly depend to some extent on the choice of the traits taken into the analysis. However, they prove that the plant is definitively a hybrid.This observation seems to be the first well documented in Slovenia (to my present knowledge) and the first in the MTB quadrant 9647/3.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 257.(2) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 172.(3) S. Knkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 441.(4)
www.guenther-blaich.de/hyb.php?hy=atrhel1&abs=HYB%20a... (accessed Oct. 11. 2020) (5)
www.pharmanatur.com/France/Epipactis%20x%20schmalhausenii... slike (accessed Oct. 11. 2020)(6) W. Adamowski, Phenotypic variation of Epipactis helleborine x E. atrorubens hybrids in anthropogenic conditions, Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae (1995), Vol. 64, 3, pp 303-312
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Gozd Martuljek, Jesenice, Slovenia
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Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta Kmpel, syn.: Epipactis neglecta (Kmpel) Kmpel, Epipactis leptochila var. neglecta (Kmpel) Gvaudan, Epipactis viridiflava H. LowFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found, DE: bersehene Stndelwurz, bersehene Schmallippen-StndelwurzSlo.: spregledana movirnicaDat.: Aug. 7. 2020 Lat.: 46.36000 Long.: 13.70294 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1323/2020_DSC05106 Habitat: at the edge of predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; rather warm and dry place, mostly in shade; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; elevation 590 m (1.930 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near Na melu place, next to the trail from Trenta 2b to Trenta 2a cottages, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta is another quite rare species in Slovenia. The Epipactis leptochila helleborine can be recognized by overall greenish to yellowish appearance, sometimes with pinkish of violet tints, relatively long epichile, more or less one-sided inflorescence and evenly distributed steam leave (not concentrated near the ground). There are two subspecies described: Epipactis leptochila subsp. leptochila and Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta. The last one (on my pictures) has usually elongated hypochile, narrow transition between epi- and hypochile and its heart shaped epichile is strongly curving back (however, not yet on freshly opened flowers). The status of this taxon is not one of general agreement and can vary according to different botanists, from a variety to full species rank. For example, Ref.: 7. doesn't even mention both subspecies. To my knowledge this is the first documented find of this taxon in the Upper Soa region and MTB quadrant 9648/1.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M. A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 767. (4) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 86.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 130.(6) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 69.(7) S. Knkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 298.(8)
orchideen-kartierung.de/GERMANY/EPLEPT/EpleH.html (accessed Sept.22. 2020)(9)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_negl.html (accessed Sept. 23. 2020)
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Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., syn.: Helleborine microphylla (Ehrh.) Schinz & Thell.. Limodorum microphyllum (Ehrh.) Kuntze, Serapias microphylla Ehrh., Epipactis latifolia subsp. microphylla (Ehrh.) Bonnier & Layens, Epipactis helleborine var. microphylla (Ehrh.) Rchb. f., Epipactis latifolia var. microphylla (Ehrh.) DC.Family: OrchidaceaeEN: Small-Leaved Helleborine, DE: Kleinblttrige StndelwurzSlo.: drobnolistna movirnicaDat.: May 17. 2012Lat.: 44.90277 Long.: 13.97905 (WGS84)Code: Bot_0618/2012_DSC3545Habitat: stony dirt-road side; skeletal, calcareous ground, open place, almost full sun; elevation 25 m (80 feet); average precipitations 900-1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: South Istria peninsula, east-northeast of the town Pula, between villages Valtura and Kavran; above the road, in a small, shallow sea bay, Istria, Croatia EC.Comment: Epipactis microphylla is a rare and everywhere protected plant. It is difficult to find it but easy to be recognized. This wild orchid is a small plant, having very small leaves compared to all other helleborines. This alone suffices for proper determination. Also small, only one to two cm long, greenish or reddish-green flowers are small and almost never open fully. All plant is densely hairy and the epiphyll is of triangular, pointed shape. The plant is allogamous (reproducing by cross-fertilization, pollinated by insects) but also autogamous (self-fertilizing) in bad, particularly very dry, seasons. In this case the flowers even do not open.This species usually grows in dense broadleaved forests, mainly in deep shade. The specimen photographed is obviously an exception in this respect.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1032 .(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 764. (4) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 87.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 132.(6) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 71.(7)
www.aho-bayern.de/taxa/fs_taxa_01.html (accessed Sept.13. 2020)
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Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis (Richt.) Klein, syn.: Epipactis distans Arv.-Touv., Epipactis helleborine ssp. distans (Arv.-Touv.) Engel. & Quentin, Epipactis orbicularisShort-leaved Helleborine, DE: Kurtzblttrige StendelwurtzSlo.: kratkolistna movirnicaDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.36127 Long.: 13.70976Code: Bot_904/2015_IMG9044Habitat: Growing on a narrow strip of light, mixed wood between a road and river bed, among other tall herbs, semiruderal place, flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous, skeletal ground; humid place in half shade, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 550 m (1.805 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Right bank of river Soa, between main road Bovec-Vri and river bed, about 100 m upstream from 'Otokar' farmhouse between villages Soa and Trenta, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis is one of the members of Epipactis helleborine aggregate. By some authors it is treated on species level, others treat it on var. level. Flora Alpina (Ref.: 6) considers it as Epipactis distans and doesn't synonymize it to Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis. This reference also considers its occurrence in Slovenia as questionable. Anyway, the easiest way to distinguish the plant from Epipactis helleborine s. str. (=Epipactis helleborine ssp. helleborine) is by its typical habitus and the arrangement and shape of its leaves. Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis has stouter growth with thicker stem; the leaves are many, rounded and are not much longer than the length of internodia and more or less of equal length (except the lowest one and the upper most). The inflorescence is not one-sided as with Epipactis helleborine ssp. helleborine, but the flowers are arranged more or less uniformly radially (see Picture 7. taken vertically from the top of the inflorescence).Two plants have been photographed (one in flowering state and one when in seeds with the last uppermost flowers) in the vicinity of my home, which correspond well to the descriptions of subspecies orbicularis. The one on pictures no. 1. to 7. is typical, while the plants on pictures no 10. to 14. are somewhat less convincing (Ref.1.).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (Leg.: A. Trnkoczy, Det.: B. Dolinar, A. Trnkoczy).(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 766. (3) H.Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 127.(4) H.Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 83.(5) B.Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 63.(6) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1100.
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2011-09-04 Lower Austria, district Wien Umgebung, Jesuitenbach oak forest (185 msm Quadrant 7964/4).German name: Grn-StndelwurzFruiting.
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Orinda, California, United States
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Epipactis pontica Taubenheim, syn.: Epipactis helleborine subsp. pontica (Taubenheim) H. Sund., Epipactis persica subsp. pontica (Taubenheim) H. Baumann & R. LorenzFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found; eventually Pontic Helleborine, DE: Pontus-Stndelwurz, Pontische StndelwurzSlo.: pontska movirnicaDat.: Aug. 12. 2020Lat.: 46.35974 Long.: 13.701601 (WGS84) Code: Bot_1324/2020_DSC0920Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from cottage Trenta 2b to the abandoned farm house Strgulc, Soa 47, east of Skokar's ravine, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Habitat: Moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; Fagus sylvatica forest with scattered Picea abies, with sparse or no herb floor coverage and nearly closed canopies; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; warm, semi dry, in shade place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies, elevation from 580 m (1.900 feet) to 600 m (1.970 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comment: Epipactis pontica is a rather rare wild forest orchid in Slovenia and elsewhere. It was first described in north Turkey growing in beech forests along Black Sea shore, where it was a short time considered endemic. But, soon after that it was found in north Greece and Bulgaria. Today it is known from northeast Italy, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, northwest Hungary and former Czechoslovakia (Ref.: 3). In Slovenia it was discovered not earlier than at the end of last century (Ref.: 8). The most notable traits of the species are: low and gracile habit, thin steam particularly of the florescence, small number of leaves and flowers, to some extent one-sided inflorescence, flowers have wide transition between hypo- and epiphyll and dominant green tones everywhere and specially in sepals. Traits vary somewhat from population to population in different countries (Ref.: 6), so do their descriptions. Pinkish tones in the perianth are rare as it is the case with these finds. They are typical for Italian populations (Ref.: 2) that is in the west neighboring regions to Trenta valley. In Bulgaria the flowering period between the last 10 days of July and the first 10 days of August is characteristic (Ref.: 5). So it appears is also true in Slovenia where all of a few tens of records fall between July 15. and August 10. (Ref. 7, Ref.:11). Habitat is also very characteristic. Look at the picture no. 26. of the album, which shows a striking similarity of the typical habitats published by AHO Bayern (Ref.:3) and in the Trenta valley.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)Ref.:(1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 92.(3)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_pont.html (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(4)
flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Epipactis-pontica.htm (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/237765369_Epipactis_pont... (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(6)
www.zobodat.at/pdf/Fl-Austr-Novit_4_0001-0010.pdf opis slika(7)
www.orhideje.si (accessed Aug. 26, 2020)(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 79.(9) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.(10) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 765. (11) T. Selikar, B. Vre, A. Selikar, FLOVEGSI data base, The 'Jovan Hadi' Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, 2003;
bijh.zrc-sazu.si/sl/zbirka/podatkovna-zbirka-flovegsi-fav... (accessed Aug. 26. 2020)
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Epipactis purpurata Sm., syn.: Helleborine purpurata (Sm.) Druce, Epipactis latifolia subsp. purpurata (Sm.) K. Richt., Epipactis halacsyi Robatsch, Epipactis pollinensis B. Baumann & H. Baumann, Epipactis sessilifolia Peterm., Epipactis violacea (Dur.-Doq.) Boreau, Epipactis viridiflora (Hoffm.) Krock. and about 40 other names including lower taxaFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: Violet Helleborine, DE: Violette StendelwurzSlo.: purpurna movirnica Dat.: August 10. 2011Lat.: 45.72706 Long.: 14.38057 (WGS84)Code: Bot_542/2001_IMG6228Habitat: Mixed forest with little or no ground vegetation; growing under Picea abies; almost flat terrain; humid place in dark shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.800-2.00 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: South of the Cerknica intermittent lake, south of the local road from Village Otok to village Laze pri Gornjem Jezeru, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Epipactis purpurata is usually growing in dark forests having closed canopies and almost no ground vegetation. The stout plants grow from extensive rootstocks, often in clumps of stems. They may look quite variously and by no means always violet or purple as their names suggest. More often a general appearance is greenish with olive tint and eventually with some parts having purple-violet tint (Ref.:5). The species is to variable degree dependent on mycorrhizal relation with plants and may therefore contain different amount of chlorophyll. Hence their color may vary from green to completely pink or purple. The species is rare in Slovenia (Ref.:8) and also in most other countries (Ref.:4).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1033.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 767. (4)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_purp.html (accessed August 31. 2020)(5)
www.orchidsofbritainandeurope.co.uk/Epipactis%20purpurata... (accessed August 31. 2020)(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 97.(7) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 142.(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 81.
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Landkreis Traunstein, Bavaria, Germany
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Epipactis x schmalhausenii Richter = Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis atrorubensFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: Schmalhausen's Helleborine? DE: Hybride zwischen Braunroter- und Breitblttriger Stndelwurz, Schmalhausen StndelwurzSlo.: Schalhausenova movirnicaDat.: June 20. 2011Lat.: 46.32589 Long.: 13.58716 (WGS84)Code: Bot_0526/2011_IMG5476Picture file names: from Epipactis-x-schmalhausenii_raw_10 to Epipactis-x-schmalhausenii_raw_15.Habitat: dirt road side, locally almost flat terrain, steep mountain slope, northwest aspect; open, dry, mostly sunny place; skeletal, stony, calcareous ground; elevation 680 m (2.230 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northwest slopes of Mt. Javorek; at the end of an abandoned, dirt road leading from the village ezsoa up the mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: (relates to the album Epipactis x schmalhausenii - II): Epipactis x schmalhausenii is a hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis atrorubens. Both parent species are quite common in the Bovec basin and upstream along the Soa river and its tributaries. The plant was photographed in 2011 and tentatively determined as 'a strange variant' of Epipactis atrorubens (neither the shape of the flowers nor of the stalk leaves fit to 'standard') and then forgotten in my photo archive. This year (2020), after I found the hybrid Epipactis x schmalhausenii in the Lower Trenta valley I recollected these pictures and made a hybridization index calculation based on the methodology described in Adamowski (1995) (Ref. 6.). I took into the analysis all the traits, which I was able to observe using measurements of morphological details on the pictures. Of cause, some traits used in Adamowski (1995) could not be depicted from them, for example flowers' smell. But I added into the analysis three additional morphological traits related to the shape of the flowers. Namely: 1) the ratio between width of hypochile H (more precisely edge to edge distance of the cavity) and the width of the epichile E, 2) the ratio of the width of the transition gap between hypochile and epichile P and the width of the epichile E and 3) the ratio of the width of the flowers SS (distance between side sepals) to the width of the epichile E. These three ratios were then compared to the values measured on several parent plants found in this region during last few years. The result of the comparison of lip proportions (E, P and H) is shown on Fig. 15. One can clearly see that the lip proportions of the plant studied fall in between both parent species.Altogether 10 traits have been analyzed. The calculated hybridization index falls nicely between both parents. The share of the Epipactis atrorubens is about 55% and the share of the Epipactis helleborine about 45%. Of cause, these numbers should not be taken too rigorously since they certainly depend to some extent on the choice of the traits taken into the analysis. However, they prove that the plant is definitively a hybrid.This observation seems to be the first well documented in Slovenia (to my present knowledge) and the first in the MTB quadrant 9647/3.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 257.(2) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 172.(3) S. Knkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 441.(4)
www.guenther-blaich.de/hyb.php?hy=atrhel1&abs=HYB%20a... (accessed Oct. 11. 2020) (5)
www.pharmanatur.com/France/Epipactis%20x%20schmalhausenii... slike (accessed Oct. 11. 2020)(6) W. Adamowski, Phenotypic variation of Epipactis helleborine x E. atrorubens hybrids in anthropogenic conditions, Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae (1995), Vol. 64, 3, pp 303-312
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2009-07-23 Lower Austria, district Neunkirchen (~600 msm Quadrant 8260/4).German name: Rot-Stendelwurz
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Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta Kmpel, syn.: Epipactis neglecta (Kmpel) Kmpel, Epipactis leptochila var. neglecta (Kmpel) Gvaudan, Epipactis viridiflava H. LowFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found, DE: bersehene Stndelwurz, bersehene Schmallippen-StndelwurzSlo.: spregledana movirnicaDat.: Aug. 7. 2020 Lat.: 46.36000 Long.: 13.70294 (WGS84)Code: Bot_1323/2020_DSC05106 Habitat: at the edge of predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; rather warm and dry place, mostly in shade; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; elevation 590 m (1.930 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near Na melu place, next to the trail from Trenta 2b to Trenta 2a cottages, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta is another quite rare species in Slovenia. The Epipactis leptochila helleborine can be recognized by overall greenish to yellowish appearance, sometimes with pinkish of violet tints, relatively long epichile, more or less one-sided inflorescence and evenly distributed steam leave (not concentrated near the ground). There are two subspecies described: Epipactis leptochila subsp. leptochila and Epipactis leptochila subsp. neglecta. The last one (on my pictures) has usually elongated hypochile, narrow transition between epi- and hypochile and its heart shaped epichile is strongly curving back (however, not yet on freshly opened flowers). The status of this taxon is not one of general agreement and can vary according to different botanists, from a variety to full species rank. For example, Ref.: 7. doesn't even mention both subspecies. To my knowledge this is the first documented find of this taxon in the Upper Soa region and MTB quadrant 9648/1.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M. A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 767. (4) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 86.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 130.(6) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 69.(7) S. Knkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 298.(8)
orchideen-kartierung.de/GERMANY/EPLEPT/EpleH.html (accessed Sept.22. 2020)(9)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_negl.html (accessed Sept. 23. 2020)
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Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., syn.: Helleborine microphylla (Ehrh.) Schinz & Thell.. Limodorum microphyllum (Ehrh.) Kuntze, Serapias microphylla Ehrh., Epipactis latifolia subsp. microphylla (Ehrh.) Bonnier & Layens, Epipactis helleborine var. microphylla (Ehrh.) Rchb. f., Epipactis latifolia var. microphylla (Ehrh.) DC.Family: OrchidaceaeEN: Small-Leaved Helleborine, DE: Kleinblttrige StndelwurzSlo.: drobnolistna movirnicaDat.: May 17. 2012Lat.: 44.90277 Long.: 13.97905 (WGS84)Code: Bot_0618/2012_DSC3545Habitat: stony dirt-road side; skeletal, calcareous ground, open place, almost full sun; elevation 25 m (80 feet); average precipitations 900-1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: South Istria peninsula, east-northeast of the town Pula, between villages Valtura and Kavran; above the road, in a small, shallow sea bay, Istria, Croatia EC.Comment: Epipactis microphylla is a rare and everywhere protected plant. It is difficult to find it but easy to be recognized. This wild orchid is a small plant, having very small leaves compared to all other helleborines. This alone suffices for proper determination. Also small, only one to two cm long, greenish or reddish-green flowers are small and almost never open fully. All plant is densely hairy and the epiphyll is of triangular, pointed shape. The plant is allogamous (reproducing by cross-fertilization, pollinated by insects) but also autogamous (self-fertilizing) in bad, particularly very dry, seasons. In this case the flowers even do not open.This species usually grows in dense broadleaved forests, mainly in deep shade. The specimen photographed is obviously an exception in this respect.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1032 .(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 764. (4) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R. Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 87.(5) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 132.(6) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 71.(7)
www.aho-bayern.de/taxa/fs_taxa_01.html (accessed Sept.13. 2020)
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Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis (Richt.) Klein, syn.: Epipactis distans Arv.-Touv., Epipactis helleborine ssp. distans (Arv.-Touv.) Engel. & Quentin, Epipactis orbicularisShort-leaved Helleborine, DE: Kurtzblttrige StendelwurtzSlo.: kratkolistna movirnicaDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.36127 Long.: 13.70976Code: Bot_904/2015_IMG9044Habitat: Growing on a narrow strip of light, mixed wood between a road and river bed, among other tall herbs, semiruderal place, flat terrain; alluvial, calcareous, skeletal ground; humid place in half shade, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 550 m (1.805 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Right bank of river Soa, between main road Bovec-Vri and river bed, about 100 m upstream from 'Otokar' farmhouse between villages Soa and Trenta, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis is one of the members of Epipactis helleborine aggregate. By some authors it is treated on species level, others treat it on var. level. Flora Alpina (Ref.: 6) considers it as Epipactis distans and doesn't synonymize it to Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis. This reference also considers its occurrence in Slovenia as questionable. Anyway, the easiest way to distinguish the plant from Epipactis helleborine s. str. (=Epipactis helleborine ssp. helleborine) is by its typical habitus and the arrangement and shape of its leaves. Epipactis helleborine ssp. orbicularis has stouter growth with thicker stem; the leaves are many, rounded and are not much longer than the length of internodia and more or less of equal length (except the lowest one and the upper most). The inflorescence is not one-sided as with Epipactis helleborine ssp. helleborine, but the flowers are arranged more or less uniformly radially (see Picture 7. taken vertically from the top of the inflorescence).Two plants have been photographed (one in flowering state and one when in seeds with the last uppermost flowers) in the vicinity of my home, which correspond well to the descriptions of subspecies orbicularis. The one on pictures no. 1. to 7. is typical, while the plants on pictures no 10. to 14. are somewhat less convincing (Ref.1.).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004). Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar (Leg.: A. Trnkoczy, Det.: B. Dolinar, A. Trnkoczy).(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 766. (3) H.Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 127.(4) H.Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 83.(5) B.Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 63.(6) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 1100.
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27/07/2007 near Karlstadt/Germany
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Orinda, California, United States
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Epipactis pontica Taubenheim, syn.: Epipactis helleborine subsp. pontica (Taubenheim) H. Sund., Epipactis persica subsp. pontica (Taubenheim) H. Baumann & R. LorenzFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: no name found; eventually Pontic Helleborine, DE: Pontus-Stndelwurz, Pontische StndelwurzSlo.: pontska movirnicaDat.: Aug. 12. 2020Lat.: 46.35974 Long.: 13.701601 (WGS84) Code: Bot_1324/2020_DSC0920Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail from cottage Trenta 2b to the abandoned farm house Strgulc, Soa 47, east of Skokar's ravine, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Habitat: Moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; Fagus sylvatica forest with scattered Picea abies, with sparse or no herb floor coverage and nearly closed canopies; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; warm, semi dry, in shade place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies, elevation from 580 m (1.900 feet) to 600 m (1.970 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comment: Epipactis pontica is a rather rare wild forest orchid in Slovenia and elsewhere. It was first described in north Turkey growing in beech forests along Black Sea shore, where it was a short time considered endemic. But, soon after that it was found in north Greece and Bulgaria. Today it is known from northeast Italy, Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, northwest Hungary and former Czechoslovakia (Ref.: 3). In Slovenia it was discovered not earlier than at the end of last century (Ref.: 8). The most notable traits of the species are: low and gracile habit, thin steam particularly of the florescence, small number of leaves and flowers, to some extent one-sided inflorescence, flowers have wide transition between hypo- and epiphyll and dominant green tones everywhere and specially in sepals. Traits vary somewhat from population to population in different countries (Ref.: 6), so do their descriptions. Pinkish tones in the perianth are rare as it is the case with these finds. They are typical for Italian populations (Ref.: 2) that is in the west neighboring regions to Trenta valley. In Bulgaria the flowering period between the last 10 days of July and the first 10 days of August is characteristic (Ref.: 5). So it appears is also true in Slovenia where all of a few tens of records fall between July 15. and August 10. (Ref. 7, Ref.:11). Habitat is also very characteristic. Look at the picture no. 26. of the album, which shows a striking similarity of the typical habitats published by AHO Bayern (Ref.:3) and in the Trenta valley.Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)Ref.:(1) Personal communication (conf.) with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 92.(3)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_pont.html (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(4)
flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Epipactis-pontica.htm (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(5)
www.researchgate.net/publication/237765369_Epipactis_pont... (accessed Aug. 13, 2020)(6)
www.zobodat.at/pdf/Fl-Austr-Novit_4_0001-0010.pdf opis slika(7)
www.orhideje.si (accessed Aug. 26, 2020)(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 79.(9) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.(10) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 765. (11) T. Selikar, B. Vre, A. Selikar, FLOVEGSI data base, The 'Jovan Hadi' Institute of Biology ZRC SAZU, 2003;
bijh.zrc-sazu.si/sl/zbirka/podatkovna-zbirka-flovegsi-fav... (accessed Aug. 26. 2020)
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Epipactis purpurata Sm., syn.: Helleborine purpurata (Sm.) Druce, Epipactis latifolia subsp. purpurata (Sm.) K. Richt., Epipactis halacsyi Robatsch, Epipactis pollinensis B. Baumann & H. Baumann, Epipactis sessilifolia Peterm., Epipactis violacea (Dur.-Doq.) Boreau, Epipactis viridiflora (Hoffm.) Krock. and about 40 other names including lower taxaFamily: OrchidaceaeEN: Violet Helleborine, DE: Violette StendelwurzSlo.: purpurna movirnica Dat.: August 10. 2011Lat.: 45.72706 Long.: 14.38057 (WGS84)Code: Bot_542/2001_IMG6228Habitat: Mixed forest with little or no ground vegetation; growing under Picea abies; almost flat terrain; humid place in dark shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, elevation 570 m (1.870 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.800-2.00 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: South of the Cerknica intermittent lake, south of the local road from Village Otok to village Laze pri Gornjem Jezeru, Notranjska, Slovenia EC Comment: Epipactis purpurata is usually growing in dark forests having closed canopies and almost no ground vegetation. The stout plants grow from extensive rootstocks, often in clumps of stems. They may look quite variously and by no means always violet or purple as their names suggest. More often a general appearance is greenish with olive tint and eventually with some parts having purple-violet tint (Ref.:5). The species is to variable degree dependent on mycorrhizal relation with plants and may therefore contain different amount of chlorophyll. Hence their color may vary from green to completely pink or purple. The species is rare in Slovenia (Ref.:8) and also in most other countries (Ref.:4).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar,
www.orhideje.si(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1033.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 767. (4)
www.aho-bayern.de/epipactis/ep_purp.html (accessed August 31. 2020)(5)
www.orchidsofbritainandeurope.co.uk/Epipactis%20purpurata... (accessed August 31. 2020)(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 97.(7) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 142.(8) B. Dolinar, Kukavievke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 81.