Gomphales

Ramaria gracilis (Pers.) Fries., syn.: Ramaria palmata (Pers.) QueletSlender Coral Fungus, DE: Zierliche KoralleSlo.: janeeva grivaDat.: Aug. 27. 2014Lat.: 46.36109 Long.: 13.71128Code: Bot_829/2014_DSC3332Habitat: conifer wood, river bank, in transition slope between two alluvial terraces, calcareous ground, overgrown river deposits, sand and gravel, in shade, humid place, under Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: among mosses on organic litter on soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, across to farmhouse Housner, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Proper determination of Ramaria species is almost always above my capabilities. They are very variable and never quite the same. There are many of them and they change their habitus and colors during life cycle very much. In 'traditional', non-specialized literature, they are regularly treated only briefly. Too 'hot terrain' for non-professionals! So, for an amateur there are usually only small chances for a reliable determination.Surprisingly, with this find the key published in Ref.: 2. led me directly to Ramaria gracilis with no ambiguities. The key features are small size, very delicate fruit bodies, white color and characteristic fragrant smell. Other traits, as well as habitat, fit well too.Ramaria gracilis seems to be quite a rare find in Slovenia. Only a few records are in the Slovenian 'Boletus Informaticus myco-data base. Literature states the same for other European countries. The species was extinct from Netherlands already in 1900 (Ref.:2).Growing in rows of more than 10 sporocarps; sporocarps up to 6 cm tall and 3.5-4.5 cm wide; stipe up to 7 mm thick; smell pleasant, on sweets, cakes, anise; taste mild, pleasant, mushroomy; SP abundant, yellowish with slight green tin (oac5) when fresh and when dry pale ocher, oac813; fresh sporocarps white, dry sporocarps light ocher, oac855; 5% KOH reaction on trama orange-brown, oac805. Spores unregularly warty. Dimensions: 5,9 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 x 3,3 [3,5 ; 3,6] 3,9 microns; Q = 1,6 [1,8] 2; N = 45; C = 95%; Me = 6,5 x 3,6 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 464. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 79. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, vol.2.,Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 366. (4) E. Shield, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol. Vol. 44, No. 2, (1978), pp 171-178.

Ramaria gracilis (Pers.) Fries., syn.: Ramaria palmata (Pers.) QueletSlender Coral Fungus, DE: Zierliche KoralleSlo.: janeeva grivaDat.: Aug. 27. 2014Lat.: 46.36109 Long.: 13.71128Code: Bot_829/2014_DSC3332Habitat: conifer wood, river bank, in transition slope between two alluvial terraces, calcareous ground, overgrown river deposits, sand and gravel, in shade, humid place, under Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: among mosses on organic litter on soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, across to farmhouse Housner, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Proper determination of Ramaria species is almost always above my capabilities. They are very variable and never quite the same. There are many of them and they change their habitus and colors during life cycle very much. In 'traditional', non-specialized literature, they are regularly treated only briefly. Too 'hot terrain' for non-professionals! So, for an amateur there are usually only small chances for a reliable determination.Surprisingly, with this find the key published in Ref.: 2. led me directly to Ramaria gracilis with no ambiguities. The key features are small size, very delicate fruit bodies, white color and characteristic fragrant smell. Other traits, as well as habitat, fit well too.Ramaria gracilis seems to be quite a rare find in Slovenia. Only a few records are in the Slovenian 'Boletus Informaticus myco-data base. Literature states the same for other European countries. The species was extinct from Netherlands already in 1900 (Ref.:2).Growing in rows of more than 10 sporocarps; sporocarps up to 6 cm tall and 3.5-4.5 cm wide; stipe up to 7 mm thick; smell pleasant, on sweets, cakes, anise; taste mild, pleasant, mushroomy; SP abundant, yellowish with slight green tin (oac5) when fresh and when dry pale ocher, oac813; fresh sporocarps white, dry sporocarps light ocher, oac855; 5% KOH reaction on trama orange-brown, oac805. Spores unregularly warty. Dimensions: 5,9 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 x 3,3 [3,5 ; 3,6] 3,9 microns; Q = 1,6 [1,8] 2; N = 45; C = 95%; Me = 6,5 x 3,6 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 464. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 79. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, vol.2.,Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 366. (4) E. Shield, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol. Vol. 44, No. 2, (1978), pp 171-178.

Ramaria gracilis (Pers.) Fries., syn.: Ramaria palmata (Pers.) QueletSlender Coral Fungus, DE: Zierliche KoralleSlo.: janeeva grivaDat.: Aug. 27. 2014Lat.: 46.36109 Long.: 13.71128Code: Bot_829/2014_DSC3332Habitat: conifer wood, river bank, in transition slope between two alluvial terraces, calcareous ground, overgrown river deposits, sand and gravel, in shade, humid place, under Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: among mosses on organic litter on soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, across to farmhouse Housner, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Proper determination of Ramaria species is almost always above my capabilities. They are very variable and never quite the same. There are many of them and they change their habitus and colors during life cycle very much. In 'traditional', non-specialized literature, they are regularly treated only briefly. Too 'hot terrain' for non-professionals! So, for an amateur there are usually only small chances for a reliable determination.Surprisingly, with this find the key published in Ref.: 2. led me directly to Ramaria gracilis with no ambiguities. The key features are small size, very delicate fruit bodies, white color and characteristic fragrant smell. Other traits, as well as habitat, fit well too.Ramaria gracilis seems to be quite a rare find in Slovenia. Only a few records are in the Slovenian 'Boletus Informaticus myco-data base. Literature states the same for other European countries. The species was extinct from Netherlands already in 1900 (Ref.:2).Growing in rows of more than 10 sporocarps; sporocarps up to 6 cm tall and 3.5-4.5 cm wide; stipe up to 7 mm thick; smell pleasant, on sweets, cakes, anise; taste mild, pleasant, mushroomy; SP abundant, yellowish with slight green tin (oac5) when fresh and when dry pale ocher, oac813; fresh sporocarps white, dry sporocarps light ocher, oac855; 5% KOH reaction on trama orange-brown, oac805. Spores unregularly warty. Dimensions: 5,9 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 x 3,3 [3,5 ; 3,6] 3,9 microns; Q = 1,6 [1,8] 2; N = 45; C = 95%; Me = 6,5 x 3,6 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 464. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 79. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, vol.2.,Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 366. (4) E. Shield, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol. Vol. 44, No. 2, (1978), pp 171-178.

Ramaria gracilis (Pers.) Fries., syn.: Ramaria palmata (Pers.) QueletSlender Coral Fungus, DE: Zierliche KoralleSlo.: janeeva grivaDat.: Aug. 27. 2014Lat.: 46.36109 Long.: 13.71128Code: Bot_829/2014_DSC3332Habitat: conifer wood, river bank, in transition slope between two alluvial terraces, calcareous ground, overgrown river deposits, sand and gravel, in shade, humid place, under Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: among mosses on organic litter on soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, across to farmhouse Housner, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Proper determination of Ramaria species is almost always above my capabilities. They are very variable and never quite the same. There are many of them and they change their habitus and colors during life cycle very much. In 'traditional', non-specialized literature, they are regularly treated only briefly. Too 'hot terrain' for non-professionals! So, for an amateur there are usually only small chances for a reliable determination.Surprisingly, with this find the key published in Ref.: 2. led me directly to Ramaria gracilis with no ambiguities. The key features are small size, very delicate fruit bodies, white color and characteristic fragrant smell. Other traits, as well as habitat, fit well too.Ramaria gracilis seems to be quite a rare find in Slovenia. Only a few records are in the Slovenian 'Boletus Informaticus myco-data base. Literature states the same for other European countries. The species was extinct from Netherlands already in 1900 (Ref.:2).Growing in rows of more than 10 sporocarps; sporocarps up to 6 cm tall and 3.5-4.5 cm wide; stipe up to 7 mm thick; smell pleasant, on sweets, cakes, anise; taste mild, pleasant, mushroomy; SP abundant, yellowish with slight green tin (oac5) when fresh and when dry pale ocher, oac813; fresh sporocarps white, dry sporocarps light ocher, oac855; 5% KOH reaction on trama orange-brown, oac805. Spores unregularly warty. Dimensions: 5,9 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 x 3,3 [3,5 ; 3,6] 3,9 microns; Q = 1,6 [1,8] 2; N = 45; C = 95%; Me = 6,5 x 3,6 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 464. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 79. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, vol.2.,Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 366. (4) E. Shield, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol. Vol. 44, No. 2, (1978), pp 171-178.

Ramaria gracilis (Pers.) Fries., syn.: Ramaria palmata (Pers.) QueletSlender Coral Fungus, DE: Zierliche KoralleSlo.: janeeva grivaDat.: Aug. 27. 2014Lat.: 46.36109 Long.: 13.71128Code: Bot_829/2014_DSC3332Habitat: conifer wood, river bank, in transition slope between two alluvial terraces, calcareous ground, overgrown river deposits, sand and gravel, in shade, humid place, under Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: among mosses on organic litter on soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, left bank of river Soa, across to farmhouse Housner, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Proper determination of Ramaria species is almost always above my capabilities. They are very variable and never quite the same. There are many of them and they change their habitus and colors during life cycle very much. In 'traditional', non-specialized literature, they are regularly treated only briefly. Too 'hot terrain' for non-professionals! So, for an amateur there are usually only small chances for a reliable determination.Surprisingly, with this find the key published in Ref.: 2. led me directly to Ramaria gracilis with no ambiguities. The key features are small size, very delicate fruit bodies, white color and characteristic fragrant smell. Other traits, as well as habitat, fit well too.Ramaria gracilis seems to be quite a rare find in Slovenia. Only a few records are in the Slovenian 'Boletus Informaticus myco-data base. Literature states the same for other European countries. The species was extinct from Netherlands already in 1900 (Ref.:2).Growing in rows of more than 10 sporocarps; sporocarps up to 6 cm tall and 3.5-4.5 cm wide; stipe up to 7 mm thick; smell pleasant, on sweets, cakes, anise; taste mild, pleasant, mushroomy; SP abundant, yellowish with slight green tin (oac5) when fresh and when dry pale ocher, oac813; fresh sporocarps white, dry sporocarps light ocher, oac855; 5% KOH reaction on trama orange-brown, oac805. Spores unregularly warty. Dimensions: 5,9 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 x 3,3 [3,5 ; 3,6] 3,9 microns; Q = 1,6 [1,8] 2; N = 45; C = 95%; Me = 6,5 x 3,6 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 464. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 79. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, vol.2.,Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 366. (4) E. Shield, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol. Vol. 44, No. 2, (1978), pp 171-178.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria Formosa and Ramaria lutea, which all have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Ramaria neoformosa PetersenSlo.:edna grivaBasidiocarp.Dat.: Oct. 02. 2014Lat.: 46.32933 Long.: 13.68583Code: Bot_843/2014_IMG7185Habitat: northeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; calcareous ground, in shade, relatively cold and humid place near a small stream, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 725 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: leaf litter and soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, side valley Vrsnik, next to the trail to abandoned r settlement, northeast slopes of Mt. rnivrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Determination of vividly colored (yellow-orange-reddish-pinkish) Ramarias to species level is a hard nut. Microscopy is almost a must. The fungi photographed in this observation have simple septa without clamps. I spent quite some time trying to find clamps in the subhymenium of the branches as well as in the trunk. Only two or three features resembling clamps have been found while vast majority of septa of thin as well as of thick hypha have simple septa. This rules out Ramaria flavescens although other morphological traits, habitat and most of the studied microscopic properties fit well to the find. Similar situation can be assumed for Ramaria formosa and Ramaria lutea, which both have clamps. Ramaria subbotrytis doesn't have clamps but can be ruled out based on spore and basidia dimensions, which clearly don't fit to measured values. The best candidate seems to be Ramaria neoformosa. All studied macro- and micro traits fit quite well to the find. Only slightly too long spores are to some extent disturbing. Since I havent found any other better option I am staying with this one. Admittedly I don't have descriptions of all of them. They are many. Krieglsteiner (2000) estimates 80 of them in Europe and about 200 worldwide while Arora (1986) assumes about 100 species for America.So, a mistake cannot be ruled out. Growing in line of about six sporocarps within a range of approximately five by one meters; fruit body dimensions up to 12 cm tall and 12 cm wide, the largest weighting 300 g; stump massive, up to 4.5 cm tall and 5 cm wide, branches toward their ends full and round in cross-section, 1-2(3) mm in diameter; fruit body ochre-orange-pink, oac763 (in sRGB color space R245/G173/B127); stump trama white, marmorated, toward edges of cross-section gradually changing to pinkish-orange; does not discolor with time or when bruised; fibrous when dry, not chalky; 5% KOH reaction on stump trama almost none (slightly darker), on branches not strong but distinctive, reddish-pinkish (pale color of oranges); taste mild, indistinctive, after a while slightly bitter; smell mild, pleasant; SP abundant, yellow-ochre-orange, oac812. Almost all hypha of subhymenium and stump trama have simple septa. Only a few apparently clamps have been observed in subhymenium. Spores warty. Dimensions: 11 [12 ; 12,4] 13,4 x 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 ; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 12,2 x 5,3 ; Qe = 2,3. Basidia narrowly clavate. Dimensions: 54,9 [61,6 ; 66,4] 73,1 x 8,1 [9,7 ; 10,8] 12,4 ; Q = 4,8 [5,9 ; 6,7] 7,8; N = 14; C = 95%; Me = 64 x 10,3 mm; Qe = 6,3. Hypha thickness: 2.5 [5.6 ; 6.6] 9.7 microns; Me = 6.1 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (basidia, hypha), in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera.Note: Spore dimensions in Breitenbach (1986), p362 reported from Schild (1978) and those reported by MycoBank from the same source differ. Also spore dimensions given in the text in Breitenbach (1986), pp 362 and measured from the picture in the same source (p363) differ significantly (?).Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 362.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p64 and p82. (3) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mykol., Vol.44(2) (1978), p171 (cited in Breitenbach (1986)). (4) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava? Zeitschrift fr Mykologie, 44(2) (1978):171-178. (cited in MycoBank under description of Ramaria flavescens ) (5) www.flickriver.com/photos/camptorus/tags/ramarianeoformosa/(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 645.

Aging specimens of the Ochre Club in Manning Park, British Colombia.