Die Gammaherpesvirinae bilden eine Unterfamilie der Virusfamilie Herpesviridae. Aufgrund ihrer besonderen Eigenschaft, bei der Vermehrung in Lymphozyten diese zur Teilung anzuregen, werden die Gammaherpesvirinae auch als „Lymphoproliferative Virusgruppe“ bezeichnet. Mitbedingt durch diese Eigenschaft können Gammaherpesviren im Gegensatz zu Alpha- und Betaherpesviren maligne Erkrankungen mit-auslösen (z. B. EBV: Burkitt-Lymphom, HHV-8: Kaposi-Sarkom).
Sie besteht aus folgenden Gattungen (mit wichtigsten Virusspezies, Stand März 2019):[2]
Die Gammaherpesvirinae bilden eine Unterfamilie der Virusfamilie Herpesviridae. Aufgrund ihrer besonderen Eigenschaft, bei der Vermehrung in Lymphozyten diese zur Teilung anzuregen, werden die Gammaherpesvirinae auch als „Lymphoproliferative Virusgruppe“ bezeichnet. Mitbedingt durch diese Eigenschaft können Gammaherpesviren im Gegensatz zu Alpha- und Betaherpesviren maligne Erkrankungen mit-auslösen (z. B. EBV: Burkitt-Lymphom, HHV-8: Kaposi-Sarkom).
Sie besteht aus folgenden Gattungen (mit wichtigsten Virusspezies, Stand März 2019):
Genus Lymphocryptovirus Spezies Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3 (alias Krallenaffen-Herpesvirus 1, CavlHV-1) Spezies Cercopithecine gammaherpesvirus 14 (infiziert Backentaschenaffen) Spezies Gorilline gammaherpesvirus 1 (alias Gorilla-Herpesvirus, Pongines Herpesvirus 3, PoHV-3) Spezies Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (alias Humanes Herpesvirus 4, Epstein-Barr-Virus, EBV, Typusspezies) Spezies Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4 (infiziert Makaken) Spezies Macacine gammaherpesvirus 10 (infiziert Makaken) Spezies Panine gammaherpesvirus 1 (alias Schimpansen-Herpesvirus, Pongines Herpesvirus 1, PoHV-1) Spezies Papiine gammaherpesvirus 1 (infiziert Paviane) Spezies Pongine gammaherpesvirus 2 (alias Orang-Utan-Herpesvirus, Pongines Herpesvirus 2, PoHV-2) Genus Macavirus Spezies Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (alias Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, Typusspezies) Spezies Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 2 (alias Alcelaphine herpesvirus 2) Spezies Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 Spezies Caprine gammaherpesvirus 2 Spezies Hippotragine gammaherpesvirus 1 Spezies Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 Spezies Suid gammaherpesvirus 3 (alias Suid Herpesvirus 3, SuHV3) Spezies Suid gammaherpesvirus 4 (alias Suid Herpesvirus 4, SuHV4) Spezies Suid gammaherpesvirus 5 (alias Suid Herpesvirus 5, SuHV5) Genus Percavirus Spezies Equid gammaherpesvirus 2 (alias Equines Herpesvirus 2, EHV2, Typusspezies) Spezies Equid gammaherpesvirus 5 (alias Equines Herpesvirus 5 (EHV5)) Spezies Felid gammaherpesvirus 1 Spezies Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 Spezies Phocid gammaherpesvirus 3 Spezies Vespertilionid gammaherpesvirus 1 Genus Rhadinovirus Spezies Ateline gammaherpesvirus 2 Spezies Ateline gammaherpesvirus 3 Spezies Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (alias Bovines Herpesvirus 4, BoHV-4, mit Movar-Virus) Spezies Cricetid gammaherpesvirus 2 Spezies Human gammaherpesvirus 8 (alias Humanes Herpesvirus 8, HHV-8) Spezies Macacine gammaherpesvirus 5 Spezies Macacine gammaherpesvirus 8 Spezies Macacine gammaherpesvirus 11 Spezies Macacine gammaherpesvirus 12 Spezies Murid gammaherpesvirus 4 Spezies Murid gammaherpesvirus 7 Spezies Saimiriine gammaherpesvirus 2 (alias Herpesvirus saimiri 2, SaHV-2, Typusspezies) keiner Gattung zugewiesene Spezies innerhalb der Unterfamilie Gammaherpesvirinae: Spezies Equid gammaherpesvirus 7 Spezies Phocid gammaherpesvirus 2 Spezies Saguinine gammaherpesvirus 1
Gammaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Herpesvirales and in the family Herpesviridae. Viruses in Gammaherpesvirinae are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of Herpesviridae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 43 species in this subfamily, divided among 7 genera with three species unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: HHV-4: infectious mononucleosis. HHV-8: Kaposi's sarcoma.[1][2]
Herpesviruses represent a group of double-stranded DNA viruses distributed widely within the animal kingdom. The family Herpesviridae, which contains eight viruses that infect humans, is the most extensively studied group within this order and comprises three subfamilies, namely Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae.
Within the Gammaherpesvirinae there are a number of unclassified viruses including Cynomys herpesvirus 1 (CynGHV-1)[3] Elephantid herpesvirus 3, Elephantid herpesvirus 4, Elephantid herpesvirus 5, Procavid herpesvirus 1, Trichechid herpesvirus 1[4] and Common bottlenose dolphin gammaherpesvirus 1.[5]
Gammaherpesvirinae consists of the following seven genera:[2]
Additionally, the following three species are unassigned to a genus:[2]
Viruses in Gammaherpesvirinae are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.[1]
The main stages in the lifecycle of Gamma herpes virus are namely
•Virus attachment and entry
•Viral DNA injection through nuclear pore complex (NPC) into nucleus
•Assembly of nucleocapsids and encapsidation of viral genome
•Primary envelopment, invaginations of nuclear membranes and nuclear egress
•Tegumentation and secondary envelopment in the cytoplasm
•Egress and extracellular virions release [6][7]
The lytic cycle of the gammaherpesviruses is initiated only on rare occasions.[7][8] Therefore, the least contribution to pathogenicity has to be expected from this stage. The ORFs expressed during that stage are further divided into immediate-early, early, and late. Promoter activation mediated by these proteins has also a strong effect on DNA synthesis from the origins of lytic DNA replication. As a result, virions are generated and released from the productively infected cells.[9]
Viruses that establish lifelong latent infections must ensure that the viral genome is maintained within the latently infected cell throughout the life of the host, yet at the same time must also be capable of avoiding elimination by the immune surveillance system especially must avoid being detected by host CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The gamma-herpesviruses are characteristically latent in lymphocytes and drive the proliferation that requires the expression of latent viral antigens.[10] The majority of gammaherpesviruses encode a specific protein that is critical for maintenance of the viral genome within latently infected cells termed the genome maintenance protein (GMP). During latency, the genome persists in the nucleus of the infected cells as a circular episomal element. GMPs are DNA-binding proteins that ensure that, as the host cell progresses through mitosis, the viral episomes are partitioned to daughter cells. This provides continuous existence of the viral genome within the host cells.[11][12]
MHV68 in genetically modified mice is used as a model for studying infection and host responses. Stable lifelong latency is a hallmark of the chronic phase of MHV68 infection. The spleen is a major infection site. The episomal maintenance protein for MHV68 is a latency-associated nuclear antigen (mLANA; ORF73). M2 protein mediates signaling pathways of infected B cells by interacting with SH2- and SH3-containing proteins. Host factors have been identified that can promote or antagonize MHV68 latency and reactivation.[7]
Gammaherpesviruses are of primary interest due to the two human viruses, EBV (Epstein–Barr virus) and KSHV (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) and the diseases they cause. The gammaherpesviruses replicate and persist in lymphoid cells but some are capable of undergoing lytic replication in epithelial or fibroblast cells. Gammaherpesviruses may be a cause of chronic fibrotic lung diseases in humans and in animals.[13]
Murid herpesvirus 68 is an important model system for the study of gammaherpesviruses with tractable genetics.[7] The gammaherpesviruses, including HVS, EBV, KSHV, and RRV, are capable of establishing latent infection in lymphocytes.[11]
Attenuated virus mutants represent a promising approach towards gamma-herpesvirus infection control. Surprisingly, latency-deficient and, therefore, apathogenic MHV-68 mutants are found to be highly effective vaccines against these viruses.[10] Research in this area is almost exclusively performed using MHV68 as KSHV and EBV (the major human pathogens of this family) do not productively infect model organisms typically used for this type of experimentation.
Herpesviruses have large genomes containing a wide array of genes. Although the first ORF in these gammaherpesviruses have oncogenic potential, other viral genes may also play a role in viral transformation. A striking feature of the four gammaherpesviruses is that they contain distinct ORFs involved in lymphocyte signaling events. At the left end of each viral genome are located ORFs encoding distinct transforming proteins. Gammaherpesvirus genes are capable of modulating cellular signals such that cell proliferation and viral replication occur at the appropriate times in the viral life cycle.[11]
Gammaherpesvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Herpesvirales and in the family Herpesviridae. Viruses in Gammaherpesvirinae are distinguished by reproducing at a more variable rate than other subfamilies of Herpesviridae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 43 species in this subfamily, divided among 7 genera with three species unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: HHV-4: infectious mononucleosis. HHV-8: Kaposi's sarcoma.
Los Gammaherpesvirinae son una Subfamilia de virus ADN de vertebrados de la familia Herpesviridae linfoproliferante, con la peculiaridad de vivir en latencia en linfocitos B.[1] Entre las especies de los gammaherpesvirinae, se encuentran virus que infectan animales, incluyendo humanos:
Datos: Q389837
Multimedia:
Especies: Gammaherpesvirinae
Los Gammaherpesvirinae son una Subfamilia de virus ADN de vertebrados de la familia Herpesviridae linfoproliferante, con la peculiaridad de vivir en latencia en linfocitos B. Entre las especies de los gammaherpesvirinae, se encuentran virus que infectan animales, incluyendo humanos:
Gallid Herpesvirus 1 Gallid Herpesvirus 2 Herpesvirus Humano 4 Herpesvirus Humano 8 (Sarcoma de Kaposi, entre otros) Herpesvirus Leporino 1Gammaherpesvirinae adalah subfamili Herpesviridae yang dimusnahkan dengan reproduksi pada rata yang lebih variabel daripada subfamili Herpesviridae lainnya.
Contohnya adalah:
Artikel bertopik virus ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. Gammaherpesvirinae adalah subfamili Herpesviridae yang dimusnahkan dengan reproduksi pada rata yang lebih variabel daripada subfamili Herpesviridae lainnya.
Contohnya adalah:
Limfokriptovirus RhadinovirusGammaherpesvirinae è una sottofamiglia di virus della famiglia Herpesviridae. Fa parte di questa categoria il virus di Epstein-Barr e l'herpesvirus umano 8 (HHV-8).
Per quanto riguarda la latenza sono linfotropici.
Gammaherpesvirus (Gammaherpesvirinae) er ein underfamilie av herpesvirus med fire slekter. Dei har pattedyr som vertar. Epstein-Barr-viruset og Kaposi-sarkom-assosiert herpesvirus er døme på gammaherpesvirus.[1]
Gammaherpesvirus føretrekkjer lymfocyttar som vertsseller.[2] Dei ser òg ut til å føretrekkja løynde infeksjonar over lytisk øksling, der genomet til viruset finst i cytoplasma i form av eit sirkulært DNA-molekyl.[3]
Gammaherpesvirusa kodar alle for tegumentprotein med domene som er homologe til enzymet fosforibosylformylglysinamid-amidotransferase (FGARAT). Korkje alfaherpesvirusa eller betaherpesvirusa har ein slik homologi. Dei FGARAT-homologe virusproteina spelar ei rolle i uverksamgjeringa av antivirusvern i vertssella.[4]
Gammaherpesvirus (Gammaherpesvirinae) er ein underfamilie av herpesvirus med fire slekter. Dei har pattedyr som vertar. Epstein-Barr-viruset og Kaposi-sarkom-assosiert herpesvirus er døme på gammaherpesvirus.
Gammaherpesvirus føretrekkjer lymfocyttar som vertsseller. Dei ser òg ut til å føretrekkja løynde infeksjonar over lytisk øksling, der genomet til viruset finst i cytoplasma i form av eit sirkulært DNA-molekyl.
Gammaherpesvirusa kodar alle for tegumentprotein med domene som er homologe til enzymet fosforibosylformylglysinamid-amidotransferase (FGARAT). Korkje alfaherpesvirusa eller betaherpesvirusa har ein slik homologi. Dei FGARAT-homologe virusproteina spelar ei rolle i uverksamgjeringa av antivirusvern i vertssella.
Gammaherpesvirinae
Группа по БалтиморуI: дцДНК-вирусы
Гаммагерпесвирусы[2] или γ-герпесвирусы (лат. Gammaherpesvirinae) — подсемейство вирусов, входящее в семейство герпесвирусов.
Гаммагерпесвирусы имеют ограниченный круг хозяев, проявляют специфичность к Т-лимфоцитам или В-лимфоцитам. В латентном состоянии обнаруживаются в лимфоидной ткани, репликация in vitro происходит в лимфобластоидных клетках. Вирусы этого подсемейства могут вызывать злокачественные новообразования.
По данным Международного комитета по таксономии вирусов (ICTV), на май 2016 г. в подсемейство включают следующие роды[3]:
Это заготовка статьи по вирусологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Гаммагерпесвирусы или γ-герпесвирусы (лат. Gammaherpesvirinae) — подсемейство вирусов, входящее в семейство герпесвирусов.
Гаммагерпесвирусы имеют ограниченный круг хозяев, проявляют специфичность к Т-лимфоцитам или В-лимфоцитам. В латентном состоянии обнаруживаются в лимфоидной ткани, репликация in vitro происходит в лимфобластоидных клетках. Вирусы этого подсемейства могут вызывать злокачественные новообразования.
ガンマヘルペスウイルス亜科（ガンマヘルペスウイルスあか、Gammaherpesvinae）とは、ヘルペスウイルス科の亜科。
以下の属がある。
![[icon]](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
この項目は、生物学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:生命科学／Portal:生物学）。 ガンマヘルペスウイルス亜科（ガンマヘルペスウイルスあか、Gammaherpesvinae）とは、ヘルペスウイルス科の亜科。
以下の属がある。
リンホクリプトウイルス ラジノウイルス マカウイルス ペルカウイルス
