Die Gruppe der Acidobakterien (alias Acidobacteriota) bildet innerhalb der Bakterien ein eigenständiges Phylum. Sie sind also weder mit den Proteobakterien, Firmicutes oder anderen Bakteriengruppen verwandt.
Der namengebende Organismus für dieses Phylum, Acidobacterium capsulatum, wurde erstmals 1991 aus sauren Bergwerksabwässern in Japan isoliert[2] (lat. acidus: „sauer“) und seine Besonderheit in der phylogenetischen Stellung erkannt[3]. Weitere Bakterienarten, welche ebenfalls zu den Acidobacteria gezählt werden, sind Holophaga foetida[4], Geothrix fermentans[5], Terriglobus roseus[6], Granulicella paludicola, G. pectinivorans, G. aggregans, G. rosea[7], Edaphobacter modestus, E. aggregans[8], Acanthopleuribacter pedis[9] und Chloracidobacterium thermophilum[10]. Neben diesen Organismen lassen sich in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur Hinweise darauf finden, dass noch weitere Isolate vorliegen, welche bisher aber nicht weiter beschrieben sind.
Der bisher geringen Anzahl an isolierten Vertretern der Acidobakterien unter Laborbedingungen steht eine große Anzahl an 16S rDNA-Sequenzen gegenüber. Im Jahr 2007 umfassten die öffentlichen Gendatenbanken über 3000 unterschiedliche Acidobakterium-Sequenzen. Ergebnisse von ersten Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Acidobakterien ergaben noch vier bis fünf Untergruppen innerhalb des Phylums[11][12]. Mit wachsender Anzahl an Sequenzen[13][14] aus den unterschiedlichsten Ökosystemen wird seitdem von mindestens 26 Untergruppen ausgegangen[15]. Insgesamt ist das Phylum in seiner phylogenetischen Variabilität vergleichbar mit dem Phylum der Proteobakterien[16].
Acidobakterien wurden bisher in einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Ökosystemen nachgewiesen. In Böden stellen sie dabei oftmals den Hauptanteil der Bakterien. So lag bei molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen von Böden in Arizona der Anteil von Acidobakterien an der gesamten Bakterienpopulation bei 50 %[17] und in alpinen Böden bei ca. 40 %[18]. Aus Boden-, Wasser- und Sedimentproben isolierte DNA-Fragmente zeigen, dass Acidobakterien weit verbreitet sind. Acidobakterien sind daher wahrscheinlich außerordentlich divers und spielen beim mikrobiell vermittelten Stoffumsatz in der Natur eine wichtige Rolle.
Die große phylogenetische Varianz der Acidobakterien, die vergleichbar mit der der Proteobakterien ist, lässt auf eine ebenso große Variabilität im Stoffwechsel schließen. Bisher liegen zwar nur wenige Acidobakterien in Kultur mit einer größeren Anzahl an Daten zum Metabolismus vor, dennoch scheint sich anhand dieser wenigen Daten die vermutete große Variabilität der Acidobakterien zu bestätigen. Acidobacterium capsulatum wächst langsam und bei geringen Nährstoffkonzentrationen, er bevorzugt oligotrophe Bedingungen. Neuere Untersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass zumindest einige Acidobakterien auch methylotroph leben können[19].
Die folgende Liste folgt LPSN (mit Stand vom 22. Oktober 2020),[20] der Name des Phylums selbst ist nach dieser Quelle noch vorläufig. Es ist nur eine auswahlvon Gattungen und Spezies beispielhaft angegeben:
Die Gruppe der Acidobakterien (alias Acidobacteriota) bildet innerhalb der Bakterien ein eigenständiges Phylum. Sie sind also weder mit den Proteobakterien, Firmicutes oder anderen Bakteriengruppen verwandt.
Der namengebende Organismus für dieses Phylum, Acidobacterium capsulatum, wurde erstmals 1991 aus sauren Bergwerksabwässern in Japan isoliert (lat. acidus: „sauer“) und seine Besonderheit in der phylogenetischen Stellung erkannt. Weitere Bakterienarten, welche ebenfalls zu den Acidobacteria gezählt werden, sind Holophaga foetida, Geothrix fermentans, Terriglobus roseus, Granulicella paludicola, G. pectinivorans, G. aggregans, G. rosea, Edaphobacter modestus, E. aggregans, Acanthopleuribacter pedis und Chloracidobacterium thermophilum. Neben diesen Organismen lassen sich in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur Hinweise darauf finden, dass noch weitere Isolate vorliegen, welche bisher aber nicht weiter beschrieben sind.
Der bisher geringen Anzahl an isolierten Vertretern der Acidobakterien unter Laborbedingungen steht eine große Anzahl an 16S rDNA-Sequenzen gegenüber. Im Jahr 2007 umfassten die öffentlichen Gendatenbanken über 3000 unterschiedliche Acidobakterium-Sequenzen. Ergebnisse von ersten Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Acidobakterien ergaben noch vier bis fünf Untergruppen innerhalb des Phylums. Mit wachsender Anzahl an Sequenzen aus den unterschiedlichsten Ökosystemen wird seitdem von mindestens 26 Untergruppen ausgegangen. Insgesamt ist das Phylum in seiner phylogenetischen Variabilität vergleichbar mit dem Phylum der Proteobakterien.
Ang acidobacteria ay isang uri ng phylum sa bakterya kahariang Protista. Hindi malaman kung saan ito maikakategorya, sa Gram-positive bacteria o Gram-negative bacteria.
Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Bakterya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa nito.
Acidobacteria е колено на бактерии. Неговите членови се доста разновидни во поглед на физиологијата, широко се распространети во природата (особено во почвите), но не се доволно застапени во културите.[2][3][4]
Членовите на ова колено се физиолошки разноврсни, и може да се најдат во различни природни средини, вклучувајки ги почвите, изворите на топла вода, морињата, пештерите, итн.[5] Многу Acidobacteria се ацидофилни бактерии, вклучувајќи го и првиот опишан вид, Acidobacterium capsulatum.[6]
Други познати видови се Holophaga foetida,[7] Geothrix fermentans,[8] Acanthopleuribacter pedis[9] и Bryobacter aggregatus.[10] Бидејќи неодамна се откриени и сѐ уште не се култивирани, екологијата и метаболизмот на овие бактерии останува неразјаснет. Сепак, овие бактерии можеби играат значајна улога во екосистемите бидејќи посебно се застапени во почвите.[11]
Некласифицираната подгрупа 2 ацидобактерии исто така се идентификувани како контаминенти во комплементите на реагенси за екстракција на ДНК, што може да доведе до погрешни толкувања за нивната присутност во микробиотата или во метагеномските податоци.[12]
Првиот вид на ова колено, Acidobacterium capsulatum, бил откриен во 1991 година.[13] Сепак, Acidobacteria не бил признаен како нов таксон сѐ до 1997 година, и не бил признат како посебно колено на бактерии сѐ до 2012 година.[14]
Моментално прифатената таксономија е врз основа на Листата на имиња на прокариотите со евиденција во номенклатурата (анг. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - LPSN)[15][16], а филогенијата е базирана на 16S рРНК секвенционирање на LTP 123 од Проектот "Животно дрво на сите видови" (анг. The All-Species Living Tree Project).[17]
Acanthopleuribacter pedis Fukunaga et al. 2008
Geothrix fermentans Coates et al. 1999
Holophaga foetida Liesack et al. 1995
Bryobacter aggregatus Kulichevskaya et al. 2010
Paludibaculum fermentans Kulichevskaya et al. 2014
Acidobacterium capsulatum Kishimoto et al. 1991
Telmatobacter bradus Pankratov and Dedysh 2012
A. borealis Kulichevskaya et al. 2012 (type sp.)
A. ligni Kulichevskaya et al. 2012
Bryocella elongata Dedysh et al. 2012
E. aggregans Koch et al. 2008 emend. Dedysh et al. 2012
E. modestus Koch et al. 2008 (type sp.)
"Granulicella" mallensis Männistö et al. 2012
T. aquaticus Baik et al. 2013
T. roseus Eichorst et al. 2007 (type sp.)
T. saanensis Männistö et al. 2011
T. tenax Whang et al. 2014
G. cerasi Yamada et al. 2014
G. paludicola Pankratov and Dedysh 2010 (type sp.)
G. pectinivorans Pankratov and Dedysh 2010
G. sapmiensis Männistö et al. 2012
G. aggregans Pankratov and Dedysh 2010
G. tundricola Männistö et al. 2012
G. arctica Männistö et al. 2012
G. rosea Pankratov and Dedysh 2010
♠ Видови кои се регистрирани во Националниот центар за биотехнолошки информации (анг. National Center for Biotechnology Information - NCBI), но не се во Листата на имиња на прокариотите со евиденција во номенклатурата (анг. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - LPSN).
Acidobacteria е колено на бактерии. Неговите членови се доста разновидни во поглед на физиологијата, широко се распространети во природата (особено во почвите), но не се доволно застапени во културите.
ऐसिडोबैक्टीरिया (Acidobacteria) बैक्टीरिया का एक बड़ा और विविध जीववैज्ञानिक संघ है। इसकी सदस्य जातियाँ पृथ्वी-भर पर फैली हुई हैं, और मिट्टी, गरम चश्मों, सागरों व महासागरों, गुफ़ाओं, और धातु-प्रदूषित स्थानों में मिलती हैं। कई जातियाँ अम्लपसंदी हैं, जिसके आधार पर संघ का नाम पड़ा है ("ऐसिड" अम्ल का अंग्रेज़ी शब्द है)।[1][2][3]
ऐसिडोबैक्टीरिया (Acidobacteria) बैक्टीरिया का एक बड़ा और विविध जीववैज्ञानिक संघ है। इसकी सदस्य जातियाँ पृथ्वी-भर पर फैली हुई हैं, और मिट्टी, गरम चश्मों, सागरों व महासागरों, गुफ़ाओं, और धातु-प्रदूषित स्थानों में मिलती हैं। कई जातियाँ अम्लपसंदी हैं, जिसके आधार पर संघ का नाम पड़ा है ("ऐसिड" अम्ल का अंग्रेज़ी शब्द है)।
Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.[4][5][6]
Members of this phylum are physiologically diverse, and can be found in a variety of environments including soil, decomposing wood,[7] hot springs, oceans, caves, and metal-contaminated soils.[8] The members of this phylum are particularly abundant in soil habitats representing up to 52% of the total bacterial community.[9] Environmental factors such as pH and nutrients have been seen to drive Acidobacteriota dynamics.[10][11][12] Many Acidobacteriota are acidophilic, including the first described member of the phylum, Acidobacterium capsulatum.[13]
There is much that is unknown about Acidobacteria both in their form and function. Thus, this is a growing field of microbiology. Some of this uncertainty can be attributed to the difficulty with which these bacteria are grown in the laboratory. There has been recent success in propagation by using low concentrations of nutrients in combination with high amounts of CO2,[10] yet, progress is still quite slow. These new methods have only allowed approximately 30% of subdivisions to have species documented.[10]
Additionally, many of the samples sequenced do not have taxonomic names as they have not yet been fully characterized. This area of study is a very current topic, and scientific understanding is expected to grow and change as new information comes to light.
Other notable species are Holophaga foetida,[14] Geothrix fermentans,[15] Acanthopleuribacter pedis[16] and Bryobacter aggregatus.[17] Since they have only recently been discovered and the large majority have not been cultured, the ecology and metabolism of these bacteria is not well understood.[5] However, these bacteria may be an important contributor to ecosystems, since they are particularly abundant within soils.[18] Members of subdivisions 1, 4, and 6 are found to be particularly abundant in soils.[19]
As well as their natural soil habitat, unclassified subdivision 2 Acidobacteriota have also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents, which may lead to their erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets.[20]
Members of subdivision 1 have been found to dominate in low pH conditions.[21][10] Additionally, Acidobacteriota from acid mine drainage have been found to be more adapted to acidic pH conditions (pH 2-3) compared to Acidobacteriota from soils,[22] potentially due to cell specialization and enzyme stability.[10]
The G+C content of Acidobacteria genomes are consistent within their subdivisions - above 60% for group V fragments and roughly 10% lower for group III fragments.[5]
The majority of Acidobacteriota are considered aerobes.[23][24] There are some Acidobacteriota that are considered anaerobes within subdivision 8[15] and subdivision 23.[25] It has been found that some strains of Acidobacteriota originating from soils have the genomic potential to respire oxygen at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric concentrations.[24]
Members of the Acidobacteriota phylum have been considered oligotrophic bacteria due to high abundances in low organic carbon environments.[10] However, the variation in this phylum may indicate that they may not have the same ecological strategy.[10]
The first species, Acidobacterium capsulatum, of this phylum was discovered in 1991.[26] However, Acidobacteriota were not recognized as a distinct clade until 1997,[13] and were not recognized as a phylum until 2012.[27] First genome was sequenced in 2006.[28]
In an effort to further classify Acidobacteria, 16S rRNA gene regions were sequenced from many different strains. These sequences lead to the formation of subdivisions within the phyla. Today, there are 26 accepted subdivisions recognized in the Ribosomal Database Project.[10]
Much of this variety comes from populations of acidobacteria found in soils contaminated with uranium. Therefore, most of the known species in this phyla are concentrated in a few of the subdivisions, the largest being #1. Most of these microbes are aerobes, and they are all heterotrophic. Subdivision 1 contains 11 of the known genera in addition to the majority of the species that have been able to be cultivated thus far.[10]
Within the 22 known genera, there are 40 conclusive species. The genera are divided amongst subdivisions 3, 4, 8, 10, 23, and 1. As the Acidobateria are a developing area of microbiology, it is hypothesized that these numbers will change drastically with further study.[10]
Some members of subdivision 1 are able to use D-glucose, D-xylose, and lactose as carbon sources,[10] but are unable to use fucose or sorbose.[29] Members of subdivision 1 also contain enzymes such as galactosidases used in the breakdown of sugars.[10] Members of subdivision 4 have been found to use chitin as a carbon source.[30][31][10]
Despite the presence of genetic information generally known to encode for carbohydrate processing machinery in various genera of Acidobacteria, several experimental studies have demonstrated the inability to break down various polysaccharides.[10]
Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls and a seemingly opportune resource for carbon. However, only a single species across all subdivisions has been shown to process it, Telmactobacter bradus from subvision 1. Scientists note that it is much too early in their understanding of the field to draw conclusions about carbon processing in Acidobacteria, but believe that xylan degradation (a polysaccharide primarily found in the secondary cell wall of plants) currently appears to be the most universal carbon breakdown ability.[10]
Researchers believe that an additional factor in the lack of understanding of carbon degradation by acidobacteria may stem from the present limited ability to provide adequate cultivation conditions.[10] To study the natural behavior of these bacteria, they must grow and live in a controlled, observable environment. If such a habitat cannot be provided, recorded data cannot reliably report on the activity of the microbes in question. Therefore, the inconsistencies between genome sequence based predictions and observed carbon processes may be explained by present study methods.
There has been no clear evidence that Acidobacteriota are involved in nitrogen-cycle processes such as nitrification, denitrification, or nitrogen fixation.[10] However, Geothrix fermantans was shown to be able to reduce nitrate and contained the norB gene.[10] The NorB gene was also identified in Koribacter verstailis and Solibacter usitatus.[32][10] In addition, the presence of the nirA gene has been observed in members of subdivision 1.[10] Additionally, to date, all genomes have been described to directly uptake ammonium via ammonium channel transporter family genes.[24][10] Acidobacteriota can use both inorganic and organic nitrogen as their nitrogen sources.
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information.[33]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Acidobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Its members are physiologically diverse and ubiquitous, especially in soils, but are under-represented in culture.
Las acidobacterias (Acidobacteria) constituye un subfilo[2] creado recientemente dentro del dominio Bacteria de especies ubicuas en el suelo.[3][4]
Sus miembros son fisiológicamente diversos siendo algunos de ellos acidófilos y fueron reconocidos por primera vez como un grupo distinto en el año 1997.[5]
Acidobacterium capsulatum fue el primer miembro descubierto en el año 1991. A pesar de que han sido muy poco estudiadas se sabe que contribuyen de manera muy importante a los ecosistemas, particularmente a aquellos en donde la tierra está involucrada.[6] Otros miembros de este filo son Holophaga foetida, Geothrix fermentans, Acanthopleuribacter pedis y Bryobacter aggregatus.
Como se descubrieron hace poco tiempo y muchas de ellas aún no han sido cultivadas (para el año 2013), no se conoce con exactitud su metabolismo y ecología.
Recientemente, en 2007, se ha descubierto una nueva bacteria, Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum,[7] la primera de este filo capaz de realizar la fototrofia basada en la bacterioclorofila.
Filogenéticamente, Acidobacteria estaría un grupo relacionado con Fibrobacteres según el NCBI; sin embargo, la mayoría de árboles filogenéticos lo agrupan dentro o cercano de Proteobacteria.
Se ha identificado un posible clado de proteobacterias que agruparía a Acidobacteria con Dadabacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Modulibacteria, Nitrospinae, Nitrospirae, Rokubacteria, Tectomicrobia y Thermodesulfobacteria.[8]
Las acidobacterias (Acidobacteria) constituye un subfilo creado recientemente dentro del dominio Bacteria de especies ubicuas en el suelo.
Sus miembros son fisiológicamente diversos siendo algunos de ellos acidófilos y fueron reconocidos por primera vez como un grupo distinto en el año 1997.
Acidobacterium capsulatum fue el primer miembro descubierto en el año 1991. A pesar de que han sido muy poco estudiadas se sabe que contribuyen de manera muy importante a los ecosistemas, particularmente a aquellos en donde la tierra está involucrada. Otros miembros de este filo son Holophaga foetida, Geothrix fermentans, Acanthopleuribacter pedis y Bryobacter aggregatus.
Como se descubrieron hace poco tiempo y muchas de ellas aún no han sido cultivadas (para el año 2013), no se conoce con exactitud su metabolismo y ecología.
Recientemente, en 2007, se ha descubierto una nueva bacteria, Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum, la primera de este filo capaz de realizar la fototrofia basada en la bacterioclorofila.
Acidobacteria on bakterite hõimkond.
Hõimkonna esindajad on füsioloogiliselt mitmekesised ja mitmed neist on taluvad hästi happelist keskkonda, millest tuleneb ka hõimkonna nimetus. Neid leidub palju pinnases, kuid nende ökoloogiat ja metabolismi on seni veel vähe uuritud.
Esimene sellesse hõimkonda kuuluv liik, Acidobacterium capsulatum, avastati 1991. aastal. Hõimkond määratleti 1997. aastal.
Hõimkonda kuuluvad perekonnad: Acidicapsa, Acidobacterium, Acidopila, Bryocella, Edaphobacter, Granulicella, Telmatobacter ja Terriglobus.
Acidobacteria on bakterite hõimkond.
Hõimkonna esindajad on füsioloogiliselt mitmekesised ja mitmed neist on taluvad hästi happelist keskkonda, millest tuleneb ka hõimkonna nimetus. Neid leidub palju pinnases, kuid nende ökoloogiat ja metabolismi on seni veel vähe uuritud.
Esimene sellesse hõimkonda kuuluv liik, Acidobacterium capsulatum, avastati 1991. aastal. Hõimkond määratleti 1997. aastal.
Hõimkonda kuuluvad perekonnad: Acidicapsa, Acidobacterium, Acidopila, Bryocella, Edaphobacter, Granulicella, Telmatobacter ja Terriglobus.
Les Acidobacteria forment une division du règne des bactéries. Comme leur nom l'indique, elles sont acidophiles. Bien que très peu étudiée, cette division contribue particulièrement aux écosystèmes.
Les Acidobacteria forment une division du règne des bactéries. Comme leur nom l'indique, elles sont acidophiles. Bien que très peu étudiée, cette division contribue particulièrement aux écosystèmes.
As acidobacterias (Acidobacteria) son un novo filo introducido recentemente de bacterias, formado por especies diversas fisioloxicamente e moi comúns, especialmente nos solos, pero difíciles de cultivar.[1][2][3]
Os membros deste filo están moi diversificados fisioloxicamente, e algúns (pero non todos) son acidófilos e foron considerados unha nova división en 1997. O nome do filo procede do da primeira especie descrita e non de que sexan todas acidófilas.[4] A primeira especie descrita deste filo foi Acidobacterium capsulatum, descuberta en 1991.[5] Outras especies notables son Holophaga foetida,[6] Geothrix fermentans,[7] Acanthopleuribacter pedis[8] e Bryobacter aggregatus.[9] Como estas bacterias foron descubertas recentemente e na súa gran maioría non foron cultivadas, a ecoloxía e metabolismo destas bacterias aínda está mal comprendido.[2] Porén, estas bacterias poden ser importantes nos ecosistemas, xa que son particularmente abundantes nos solos.[10]
O cladograma mostra a taxonomía actualmente aceptada do grupo baseada na LPSN (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature) [11] [12] e a filoxenia está baseada na comparación das secuencias do ARNr 16S do LTP 106 do Proxecto The All-Species Living Tree Project.[13]
?Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum Bryant et al. 2007
?Candidatus Koribacter versatilis Ward et al. 2009
?Candidatus Solibacter usitatus Ward et al. 2009
?Thermotomaculum hydrothermale ♠ Izumi et al. 2012
HolophagaeAcanthopleuribacter pedis Fukunaga et al. 2008
HolophagaceaeGeothrix fermentans Coates et al. 1999
Holophaga foetida Liesack et al. 1995
Bryobacter aggregatus Kulichevskaya et al. 2010
Acidobacteriaceae?Acidopila rosea ♠ Okamura et al. 2011
?Acidicapsa ♣A. borealis ♣ Kulichevskaya et al. 2011
A. ligni ♣ Kulichevskaya et al. 2011
?Bryocella elongata Dedysh et al. 2012
?Telmatobacter bradus Pankratov and Dedysh 2012 <[14]
Acidobacterium capsulatum Kishimoto et al. 1991
TerriglobusT. roseus Eichorst et al. 2007
T. saanensis Mannisto et al. 2011
EdaphobacterE. aggregans Koch et al. 2008
E. modestus Koch et al. 2008
Granulicella?G. arctica ♣ Mannisto et al. 2011
?G. mallensis ♣ Mannisto et al. 2011
?G. sapmiensis ♣ Mannisto et al. 2011
?G. tundricola ♣ Mannisto et al. 2011
G. paludicola Pankratov e Dedysh 2010 [15]
G. pectinivorans Pankratov e Dedysh 2010
G. aggregans Pankratov e Dedysh 2010
G. rosea Pankratov e Dedysh 2010
Notas:
♣ Especies publicadas no International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology ou no International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB/IJSEM) que están en presna.
♠ Estirpes atopadas no NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) pero non na LPSN.
As acidobacterias (Acidobacteria) son un novo filo introducido recentemente de bacterias, formado por especies diversas fisioloxicamente e moi comúns, especialmente nos solos, pero difíciles de cultivar.
Os membros deste filo están moi diversificados fisioloxicamente, e algúns (pero non todos) son acidófilos e foron considerados unha nova división en 1997. O nome do filo procede do da primeira especie descrita e non de que sexan todas acidófilas. A primeira especie descrita deste filo foi Acidobacterium capsulatum, descuberta en 1991. Outras especies notables son Holophaga foetida, Geothrix fermentans, Acanthopleuribacter pedis e Bryobacter aggregatus. Como estas bacterias foron descubertas recentemente e na súa gran maioría non foron cultivadas, a ecoloxía e metabolismo destas bacterias aínda está mal comprendido. Porén, estas bacterias poden ser importantes nos ecosistemas, xa que son particularmente abundantes nos solos.
Acidobacteria (liet. Acidobakterijos) – bakterijų tipas. Acidobakterijos yra fiziologiškai skirtingos ir visur išplitusios, dažniausiai dirvožemyje.[1][2][3]
Šio tipo nariai yra fiziologiškai įvairūs ir aptinkami įvairiausiose aplinkose, įskaitant dirvožemį, karštąsias versmes, vandenynus, urvus ir metalu užterštus dirvožemius.[4] Daugybė acidobakterijų yra acidofilai – klesti esant labai rūgštinėms sąlygoms, įskaitant ir pirmąją aprašytą šio tipo rūšį Acidobacterium capsulatum.[5]
Kitos žinomos rūšys yra Holophaga foetida,[6] Geothrix fermentans,[7] Acanthopleuribacter pedis[8] ir Bryobacter aggregatus.[9] Kadangi acidobakterijos buvo atrastos nesenai ir didžioji dauguma jų dar nebuvo auginamos, šių bakterijų ekologija ir metabolizmas iki galo nėra suprastas.[2] Tačiau šios bakterijos gali būti svarbus veiksnys ekosistemoje, kadangi jų yra ypač gausu dirvožemyje.[10]
Pirmoji acidobakterijų rūšis, Acidobacterium capsulatum, atrasta 1991 m.[11]
Acidobacteria (liet. Acidobakterijos) – bakterijų tipas. Acidobakterijos yra fiziologiškai skirtingos ir visur išplitusios, dažniausiai dirvožemyje.
Acidobaktērijas (Acidobacteria Cavalier-Smith, 2002) ir baktēriju valsts tips, kuru pārstāvji fizioloģiski atšķiras no pārējām baktērijām un sastopami visur, galvenokārt augsnē. Daži ir acidofilētiķi, kuriem patīk skāba vide.
Acidobaktērijas ir grūti kultivējamo baktēriju grupa, kuru 1992. gadā iedalīja atsevišķā tipā drīz pēc pirmā pārstāvja Acidobacterium capsulatum aprakstīšanas. Līdz 2010. gadam ir atklātas jaunas 6 ģintis un 10 sugas.
Sugas:
Acidobaktērijas (Acidobacteria Cavalier-Smith, 2002) ir baktēriju valsts tips, kuru pārstāvji fizioloģiski atšķiras no pārējām baktērijām un sastopami visur, galvenokārt augsnē. Daži ir acidofilētiķi, kuriem patīk skāba vide.
Acidobaktērijas ir grūti kultivējamo baktēriju grupa, kuru 1992. gadā iedalīja atsevišķā tipā drīz pēc pirmā pārstāvja Acidobacterium capsulatum aprakstīšanas. Līdz 2010. gadam ir atklātas jaunas 6 ģintis un 10 sugas.
Sugas:
Acidobacterium capsulatum Holophaga foetida Terriglobus roseus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum Bryobacter aggregatus Edaphobacter modestus Edaphobacter aggregans Acanthopleuribacter pedis Granulicella paludicola Granulicella pectinivorans Granulicella aggregans Granulicella roseaAcidobacteria é um filo de bactérias recém descrito.[1][2] Como implica seu nome, elas são acidofílicas e foram reconhecidas como grupo distinto em 1997.[3] A maioria das cepas conhecidas não possui cultura, e sua ecologia e metabolismo não é bem compreendido.[2] Entretanto, estas bactérias podem ter um importante contribuição no ecossistema, já que são particularmente abundantes no solo.[4]
Acidobacteria é um filo de bactérias recém descrito. Como implica seu nome, elas são acidofílicas e foram reconhecidas como grupo distinto em 1997. A maioria das cepas conhecidas não possui cultura, e sua ecologia e metabolismo não é bem compreendido. Entretanto, estas bactérias podem ter um importante contribuição no ecossistema, já que são particularmente abundantes no solo.
아키도박테리움균류(-菌類)는 아키도박테리움균문(Acidobacteria) 또는 산간균문[1]에 속하는 새로운 세균 문의 하나이다. 생리학적으로 매우 다양하며, 여러 곳 특히 토양 속에서 발견되지만, 배양 여부는 아직 알려져 있지 않다.[2][3]
