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Lactarius sanguifluus (Paulet) Fr., syn.: Lactarius vinosus (Qul.) BatailleSaffron milk cap, Red pine mushroom, DE.: Weinroter Kieferreizker, Sudlich Blutreizker Weinroter Kiefern ReizkerSlo.: krvosona sirovkaDat.: Oct. 9. 2012Lat.: 46.34939 Long.: 13.57248Code: Bot_667/2012_IMG1412Habitat: grassland with some bushes and scattered trees, Pinus nigra, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana most frequent; under a canopy of Pinus nigra; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect, fairly warm and dry place, in half shade; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, east of the pastures at Plajer's place, at the foot of Mt. ukla, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Lactarius sanguifluus is relatively easy to recognize by its feature that its milk is blood red from scratch, not orange at the beginning and gradually turning to red, like in several other species with orange/red milk. It is mycorrhizal to Pinus sp.. Otherwise its color can vary widely from greenish, vinaceous, almost bluish, orange, yellowish .... Growing in a fairly scattered group; about eight fruit bodies present; pilei diameter up to 10.5 cm, stipe up to 7 cm long; milk immediately red, almost not changing, after some time becoming more grayish; taste at first indistinctive, then slightly bitter and after that lightly and persistently burning, but not strongly; smell almost non; context quite brittle, after long time (hours) context becoming lightly greenish and at the base of the stipe slight, longitudinal, greenish strakes appear; SP light ocher.Spores smooth, warty. Dimensions: 7 [7.9 ; 8.3] 9.3 x 6.1 [6.9 ; 7.4] 8.2 microns; Q = 1 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.3 ; N = 25 ; C = 95%; Me = 8.1 x 7.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 62. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 355.(3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 952. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80.
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Hericium flagellum (Scopoli 1772) Person 1825, syn.: Hericium alpestre Person 1825, Hericium coralloides ss. auct. non ss. orig.Slo.: jelkov bradovecDat.: Oct. 30. 2011Lat.: 46.36104 Long.: 13.75795Code: Bot_568/2011_DSC0740 Habitat: Steep W faced mountain slope, mixed wood, calcareous ground, humid and cold place with little sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.150 m (3.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fairly rotten large trunk of conifer tree, laying on ground, debarked, Picea abies or Abies alba.Place: Lower Trenta valley, Planina Lepo, near the trail to Prehodavci mountain hut, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter about 20 cm (8 inch), taste and smell mild, slightly aged specimen, SP white (oac900), contex white (oac900-909), spines beige--yellow (oac858); KOH on spines slow, golden yellow, on trama almost absent (slightly yellow?).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "R" representing a rare species.Spores mostly smooth; some show faint fine surface pattern (?) (see arrows on spore picture), thick walled, with one oil drop. Dimensions: 5.5 (SD = 0.3) x 4.9 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.12 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 99. (2)
champignons.moselle.free.fr/cha/hericium_flagellum_1.htm . (3)
www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=469436 .(4)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Hericium_flagellum.htm .
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Niuka Banja, Nishava, Serbia
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Lactarius blennius (Fr.: Fr.) Fr., syn.: Lactarius viridis (Schrader) Quel. Beech milkcap, Slimy milkcap DE: Graugrner MilchlingSlo.: bukova mlenicaDat.: Oct. 6. 2017Lat.: 46.36141 Long.: 13.69944Code: Bot_1093/2017_DSC9404Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 9 deg C, elevation 665 m (2.180 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, Fagus sylvatica leaf litter.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near the trail to settlement Na skalah, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Lactarius blennius is not showy mushroom. It is of pale, grayish, greenish, brownish colors, which are in addition quite variable. The species is common and keeps with Fagus sylvatica (in mycorrhizal relation) in almost the whole region there this tree thrives.Experts are able to resolve two varieties of this species: Lactarius blennius var. blennius and Lactarius blennius var. fluens. I was unable to assign this find to one of them. Following the key of Section 6 of Lactarius (Ref.: 2, p383) this should be Lactarius blennius var. blennius based on piled dimension (3 - 7 cm for var. blennius contrary to 5 - 12 cm for var. fluens) or Lactarius blennius var. fluens based on strong production of milk (even in quite dry state!). Also variable hut color speaks for this variety. On the other hand, the absence of lighter, almost whitish hut edge speaks in favor of the first option. The only reliable microscopic trait (Ref.:8) - thickness of ixocutis - hasn't be used because of quite dry fruitbodies. Also, if one reads the description of both varieties in Ref. 9 the text is almost identical and the associated drawings definitely are such. Too hard a problem for me.Description of the find: six or seven pilei present in an area of about 4 x 3 m; pilei diameter 4.5 - 7 cm, surface almost dry, only slightly sticky (found after a long period of dry weather) but leaf debris firmly stuck to the hut surface speaking in favor of presence of a distinctive ixocutis; trama and gills of about the same thickness; milk instant, abundant, white, after a longer time, when almost dry, it becomes greenish-gray; gills bruise slowly and mildly darken to brownish, otherwise the fruitbodies do not discolor when handled; stipe 3.5 - 4.6 cm long, 9 to 12 mm in diameter; only minutely sticky; smell mild, pleasant, on fruits(?); taste first mild then distinctly burning but not very strongly; milk of the same taste; SP abundant, light beige with slight yellow tint, oac851. Spores with coarse ridges. Dimensions: (6,5) 7,1 - 8,2 (8,5) x (5,9) 6 - 6,8 (7,1) microns; Q = (1) 1,1 - 1,2 (1,4); N = 35; Me = 7,6 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 1,2; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, spore ornamentation in Melzer, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 50. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 387.(3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 86. (4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 424.(5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 196.(6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 958. (7) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 56. (8) J. Heilmann-Clausen, A. Verbeken, J. Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Fungi of Northern Europe Vol.2. (1998), p 287 S.(9) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 288.
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Stereum subtomentosumYellowing Curtain Crust Slo.: ametasta slojevkaDat.: Jan. 05. 2012Lat.: 46.34472 Long.: 13.56255Code: Bot_587/2012_DSC2122 Habitat: South inclined mountain slope, mostly broadleaf forest, calcareous ground, quite humid but warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 505 m (1.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead trunk of a cut off broadleaf tree, lying on ground, quite rotten but still mostly in bark. On the same log also Fomitopsis pinicola.Place: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. ukla, below Ravni laz place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: According to Ref.:(2) S. subtomentostum has no acanthohyphydia in the hymenium while similar S. ostrea has them (Ref.:(2), p335 and key on p.356). I was unable to find them in spite of the fact that they should be quite large (>100 x 5-10 micr. Ref.:(1)). There was no bleeding observed probably because of fairly dry state of the fruitbodies and weather. Average day temperatures about 0 deg C with -5 degC during the night.Pileus dimensions up to 9 x 5 cm (3.5 x 2 inch), 1 mm or less thick. Smell indistinctive. Cup upper surface rusty-red-brown (oac700), hymenium dull brown-red (oac700), trama of wood color, with thin (~ 0,1 mm) brown upper layer and about 0.4 mm thick hymenial layer.Ref.:(1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p339. (2)
www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=339694 . (3) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler.(4)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=S&l=l&nom=Stereum subtomentosum / Stre tomenteux&tag=Stereum subtomentosum&gro=7 .(5)
users.skynet.be/deneyer.mycology/ .(6)
www.svims.ca/council/Stereu.htm#nSpe .
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Lactarius camphoratus (Bull.: Fr.) Fr., syn.: Lactarius cimicarius BartschCurry Milkcap, DE: Kampfermilchling, Kleiner Zichorien-MilchlingSlo.: kafrna mlenicaDat.: Sept. 09. 2014Lat.: 46.36529 Long.: 13.74988Code: Bot_835/2014_DSC3920Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil).Place: Lower Trenta valley, next to the trail from village Trenta to Planina Lepo, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget.Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter.Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1.Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52.(4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191. (6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 294.
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Russula viscidaSlo.: lepljiva golobicaDat.: Oct. 08. 2012Lat.: 46.42897 Long.: 13.61705Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5610 Habitat: Under Picea abies, in mixed alpine forest, dominant Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba; south oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock however apparently acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus); relatively warm place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.420 m (4.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil rich in humus.Place: Mt. Mangart region, northeast ridge of Mt.Planja, 1.553 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in a dense group of three fruitbodies of different stage of development. Pileus diameter up to 14 cm, slightly viscid, doesnt peel much, stem up to 7 cm tall, firm, dry; SP whitish (oac900); Taste acrid and bitter, smell indistinctive.Spores warty with large appendixes. Dimensions: 9.6 (SD = 0.5) x 7.9 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, Olympus NEA 100x/1.25, oil; AmScope MA500, magnification 1.000 x, in water. Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Anton Poler. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 890. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 505. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 312. (5) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 23.
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Lactarius pallidusPale Milkcap, Fleischblasser Milchling, Blasser MilchlingSlo.: medla mlenica Date: Oct. 10. 2009Lat.: 46.30088 Long.: 13.41864Code: Bot_390/2009-6166Habitat: Steep mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, north oriented, relatively cool place, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, locally flat calcareous ground covered with a thick layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil covered with a thick layer of dead leaves. Place: North slopes of Mt. Kobariki Stol ridge, north of Mt. Gabrovec, 1,630 m (5.348 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spore print creamy/light ocher with a slight pink tint. Smell indistinctive mushroomy. Spore dimensions: 7,9 (SD=0,8) x 6,3 (SD=0,5) micr., Q=1,3 (SD=0,09), n=30. Ref.:(1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p193(2) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 84(3) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 961(4)
www.mycokey.com/MycoKeySolidState/species/Lactarius_palli... (5)
www.first-nature.com/fungi/id_guide/russulaceae/lactarius... (6)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius_pallidus (7)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6291~gid... (8)
www.ambmuggia.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=5543
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Lactarius scrobiculatusScrobicuilate Milk CapSlo.: jamiasta mlenicaDat.: Oct. 07. 2010Lat.: 46.33871 Long.: 13.49782Code: Bot_466/2010_IMG2839 Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, calcareous bedrock, in shade, relatively warm place. partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Bovec basin, Southeast slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, Lower Gozdec place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing scattered, several fruitbodies present, pileus diameter up to 14 cm (5.5 inch), milk sparse, initially white rapidly changing to yellow with green tint, milk taste burning, smell almost non, SP white to light crme. Spores warty. Spore dimensions: 8.7 (SD = 0.5) x 7,1 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.24 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Ref.:(1) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 190. (2) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 222. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 82. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 73. (5) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 936.
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Florida, United States
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Lactarius fulvissimus, (Romagn), syn: Lactarius brittanica, Lactarius ichoratus, Batsch ex Fr. (Moser)Slo.: blaga mlenicaDat.: Sept.19.2010Lat.: 46.29129 Long.: 13.47847Code: Bot_458/2010_DSC5088 Habitat: Old Fagus sylvatica secondary forest, northeast oriented mountain slope, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 805 m (2,600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil with plenty of Fagus sylvatica rotten leaves. Place: South of village aga, northeast slopes of Mt. Kobariki Stol ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in a single group, pileus diameter up to 5-6 cm (2 inch). Taste and smell mild, indistinctive. Spore print crme with slight red-brown tint. Milk white, not changing color with time, with mild taste, not abundant. Spores seem somewhat too big?? Spore dimensions: Warty, 9,0 (SD = 0,6) x 7,6 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,18 (SD = 0,07), n = 30. Ref.:(1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 90.(2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 983.(3)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6094~sou...
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Russula silvestris (Singer) Reumaux, syn.: Russula emetica ssp. silvestris. (Singer) Reumaux, Russula emetica ssp. emeticella (Singer) Singer, Russula emetica var. silvestris Singer, Russula emeticella (Singer) Romagn,, Russula emeticella var. splendens Reumaux. EN: Sickener, Vomiting Russula, DE: Wald-Spei-Tubling, Kiefern-Spei-TublingFamily: RussulaceaeSection: Emeticinae Slo.: bljuvna golobica, mahov razliekDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8105Picture file names: from Russula-silvestris_raw_1 Russula-silvestris_raw_7.Lat.: 46.359572 Long.: 13.704544Habitat: mixed wood; Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, east aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; in shade; fairly dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.820 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa; near Skokar farmhouse, Trenta 2; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: The number of species in the genus Russula is estimated to about 500 worldwide (Ref.: 2), many of which are not well characterized. Among them over 100 species have vividly red pileus. If we count only those, which have in addition a completely white stem, still about 80 species remain (Ref.: 1). To determine a find to species level is therefore not an easy task. This find almost certainly belongs to subgenus Russula (Pers.: Fr.) Bon, section Emeticinae, Melzer & Zvara (Ref.: 2). Spore are rather small and correspond to two species listed in Ref.:2: Russula emetica var. sylvestris = Russula silvestris (current name according to Index Fungorum) and Russula emetica var. grisescens. The last one is much bigger than this find and also has grayish stipe. Several other species have been also considered. Russula luteotacta was tentatively proposed (Ref. 1) since habit, habitat and particularly hut colors correspond well to this find (spot wise fading to pinkish and whitish with older specimens). However, gills are not broadly attached or +/- decurrent as they should be with R. luteotacta (Ref.:3). Also similar Russula mairei Sing. was considered. However, measured spores seems to be too broad (5.2-6.6 m for Russula mairei (Ref.3)). It also has slightly beige spore print and grows on damp soil, which doesn't fit to this find. We determined this find to Russula silvestris. This species is found primarily near conifers (particularly Pinus) but also in hardwood and mixed forests including near Fagus and Picea trees (Ref. 3). Nevertheless, the confidence of the determination is not high. Chemical tests and more microscopy would be needed for a more reliable resultGrowing solitary and scattered; 10 + pilei on an area of about two m2; pilei diameter 2.9 6 cm, hut cuticle peels to about 50% of pilei radius and above; gills bruise slightly yellowish after a longer time (several hours); stipe 2 -4.5 cm long and 0.8 -1.2 cm in diameter; smell almost none, taste very hot, instant and long lasting; SP abundant, white, oac909.Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions (7,4) 7,9 - 9,1 (10,1) (5,9) 6,4 - 7,2 (7,8) m; Q = (1,1) 1,2 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 8,5 6,9 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Slavko erod, Mycological association Lisika, Maribor.,
www.gobe.si (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 555. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 198 and p168. (4) T.Volk,
botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sep2004.html (accessed Oct.13. 2019) (5)
wwww.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/Speitaeubling.htm (accessed Nov. 2. 2019)
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Russula romellii Maire, syn.: Russula alutacea (Pers.) Fr., Russula alutacea subsp. romellii (Maire) SingerRomelli's Brittlegill, DE: Weistieliger LedertublingSlo.: malinova golobicaDat.: Oct. 9. 2013Lat.: 46.39986 Long.: 13.70143Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8496Habitat: grassland, former pasture gradually overgrowing with Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies; flat, calcareous, old alluvial ground; quite in shade; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, Zapodn place; left bank of dry bed of river Soa; somewhat upstream of the last pastures; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: From far I thought I found Russula queletii. But totally white stipe, distinctly colored gills and the fact that it had mild taste quickly ruled this option out. Very dense, straw colored, very sparsely branched gills with entire edge, and almost no short gills that extend only part way to stipe, as well as other macroscopically traits and dimensions and surface ornamentation of spores fit well to Russula romellii. However, whenever I call to mind how many species exist in this genus I start to doubt in my determinations. Growing solitary. Pileus diameter 10.5 cm, taste and smell mild; SP beige-yellow-ocher, oac 812.Spores coarsely warty and/or spiny with ridges. Dimensions: 6.6 [7.7 ; 8.1] 9.3 x 5.7 [6.7 ; 7.1] 8.1 microns; Q = 1 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.3; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 6.9 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 12345, Ulmer (2000), p 501.(2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 314. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6., Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 234. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 33.(5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 411.
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Peniophora incarnataRosy CrustSlo.: mesnordea opnovkaDat.: Jan. 23. 2011Lat.: 46.33135 Long.: 13.51649Code: Bot_484-485/2011_IMG3518 Habitat: Mixed secondary forest with many large Corylus avellana, east oriented mountain slope, locally almost flat terrain, mostly in shade, humid place, shallow soil layer, calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead fallen thick branch of Corylus avellanaPlace: Bovec basin, just below aqueduct of waterpower plant Pluna, at the foot of Mr. Kopa, 1.439 m (4.721 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Spores smooth, dimensions: 9.1 (SD =0.9 ) x 4.6 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 2.06 (SD = 0.22), n = 30. Ref.:(1)
www.mycobank.org/BioloMICSServer.aspx?Link=T&Rec=198384 .(2)
www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=22722 7 . (3)
rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_83/rsnz_83_02_003990.pdf .
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Lactarius luridus (Pers.) Gray, syn.: Lactarius acris var. luridus (Pers.) Bataille, Lactarius uvidus var. luridus (Pers.), Lactifluus luridus (Pers.) Kuntze, Lactarius violascens (Otto) Fries ss. Dhncke, Lactarius uvidus var. violascens ss Konr.&Maubl.EN: Lurid Milckcap, DE: Fahler MilchlingSlo.: vrsta mleniceDat.: Sept. 14. 2014Lat.: 46.35999 Long.: 13.70078Code: Bot_837/2014_DSC4254Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; growing under Fagus; southeast oriented, moderately inclined mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer; overgrown calcareous, colluvial sand, stone and scattered rocks; relatively dry and warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.030 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, between 'Na Melu', Trenta 2b and abandoned farm house 'Strgulc', Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Taxonomical history of Lactarius luridus is very complicated (Ref.2. see Systematik). Species names luridus, uvidus, acris, violascens have been used differently by different authors. I rely on Basso (1999) Ref.3 and IF. She keeps in the section Uvidi (having violet milk) six species. The fungi photographed correspond the closest to the description of Lactarius luridus although the description of its hut doesn't fit very well. Hut of Lactarius luridus is according to most sources 'more or less' zonate, while the mushrooms found were not. Exceptionally, the picture published in Breitenbach (2005) Ref.6. shows two pilei, which are also not zonate. Other options of determination seem less appropriate: L. violascens is distinctly, dark zonate and has narrower spores, L. cistophilus is a Mediterranean species, L. pseudouvidus and L. robertianus are Arctic Alpine elevations species. Although L. uvidus has azonate pileus like this find, it grows under Betula, Salix, and sometimes under Picea abies, has narrower spores (but not according to Ref.4) and prefers moist habitats. Hence Lactarius luridus seems the best option for this find.Two pilei were found about 20 m apart in the same habitat; pilei 6-7 cm in diameter; cutis viscid; stipe dry, 5 cm tall and 1.3 cm in diameter, hollow; gills bruise gray-violet when cut or damaged; milk whitish-pale-yellow, with time and in contact with gills becoming pale violet; taste of milk, trama and gills mild, after some time somewhat bitter and slightly burning; trama when cut slowly darkens gray-violet; smell indistinctive; SP whitish-beige, oac857.Spores show scattered large warts and ridges. Dimensions:8.7 [9.8;10.3] 11.4 x 7.4 [8.2;8.5] 9.3 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.3; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 10 x 8.4 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si (2)
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahler_Milchling (accessed Sept.7. 2018) (3) M. T. Basso, Lactarius Pers, Fungi Europaei, Mycoflora (1999), p194. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 365.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 956. (6) (x) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 78.
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Stereum hirsutumHairy Curtain CrustSlo.: dlakava slojevkaDate: Aug. 02. 2011Lat.: 46.3425 Long.: 13.53063Code Bot_539/2011_DSC8900Habitat: Almost flat terrain, broadleaf forest with individual Picea abies, flysh ground, quite humid and warm place, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 415 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, but still half standing trunk of a deciduous tree, possibly Acer sp..Place: Bovec basin, next to the trail form Kanin cable car station A to Pluna village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in groups of many fruitbodies all over the trunk.Ref.:(1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 316. (2) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 636. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 334. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 60
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