Pleosporales

Mushroom Observer Image 1016784: Leptosphaeria doliolum (Pers.) Ces. & De Not.

Mushroom Observer Image 42959: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler

Mushroom Observer Image 80352: Epicoccum nigrum Link

Mushroom Observer Image 123455: Sporormiella australis (Speg.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain

Mushroom Observer Image 201698: Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh.

Mushroom Observer Image 249573: Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv.) B. Sutton

Mushroom Observer Image 449591: Herpotrichia macrotricha (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.

Mushroom Observer Image 543417: Lophiotrema rubi (Fuckel) Yin. Zhang, C.L. Schoch & K.D. Hyde

Mushroom Observer Image 1016710: Leptosphaeria acuta (Fuckel) P. Karst.

Mushroom Observer Image 765811: Pseudotrichia viburnicola (P.Crouan & H. Crouan) Rossman

Mushroom Observer Image 861849: Alternaria papavericola Woudenb. & Crous

Life cycle of Bertiella tapeworms The life cycle of Bertiella species is not completely understood. Bertiella are believed to have two-host life cycles, with an arthropod intermediate host (usually a mite, likely an oribatid mite) and a vertebrate definitive host (usually non-human primates for the species implicated in human infections). Bertiella studeri (which is found in Africa and Asia) usually infects monkeys in the genera Anthropithecus, Cercopithecus, Cynomologus, and Macaca. Bertiella mucronata (which is found in South America and Cuba) usually infects monkeys in the genera Callicebus and Alouatta. Bertiella eggs and proglottids are passed in the feces of the definitive host (1). Oncospheres (which contain the tapeworm larvae) are ingested by the arthropod intermediate host (2) and within this host the oncospheres develop into cysticercoid larvae (3). The definitive hosts become infected when they ingest arthropod intermediate hosts (4) infected with cysticercoids. Adult Bertiella reside in the small intestine of the definitive host (5), where they attach to the mucosa with the aid of an unarmed scolex (6) (the anterior end of a tapeworm's head). Humans can occasionally serve as definitive hosts for both B. studeri and B. mucronata, usually after accidentally ingesting infected mites (7).From Centers for Disease Control Parasites and Health website

Mushroom Observer Image 1016785: Leptosphaeria doliolum (Pers.) Ces. & De Not.

Mushroom Observer Image 42960: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler

Mushroom Observer Image 123456: Sporormiella australis (Speg.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain

Mushroom Observer Image 249575: Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv.) B. Sutton

Mushroom Observer Image 352451: Seynesia erumpens (Berk. & M.A. Curt.) Petr.

Mushroom Observer Image 1016711: Leptosphaeria acuta (Fuckel) P. Karst.

Mushroom Observer Image 1016788: Leptosphaeria doliolum (Pers.) Ces. & De Not.

Mushroom Observer Image 123457: Sporormiella australis (Speg.) S.I. Ahmed & Cain

Mushroom Observer Image 249576: Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv.) B. Sutton

Mushroom Observer Image 352452: Seynesia erumpens (Berk. & M.A. Curt.) Petr.

Mushroom Observer Image 1016712: Leptosphaeria acuta (Fuckel) P. Karst.

Mushroom Observer Image 1016790: Leptosphaeria doliolum (Pers.) Ces. & De Not.