Diagrammatic section of an Ascidia, representing the three sacs and the branchial sac as the pharynx or throat: (a) branchial orifice; (b) atrial orifice; (c) tunic or test (d) mantle; (e) branchial sac; (f) gullet; (g) stomach; (h) anal orifice; (i) dorsal lamina; the dotted line indicates the endostyle.
^ abKaren Sanamyan & Claude Monniot (2013). Shenkar N, Gittenberger A, Lambert G, Rius M, Moreira Da Rocha R, Swalla BJ, Turon X (eds.). "Ascidia Linnaeus, 1767". Ascidiacea World Database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
^ abcdefN. Y. K. Bonnet & R. M. Rocha (2011). "The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro Panama. Description of six new species". Zootaxa. 2864: 1–33. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2864.1.1.
