Porifera

Figure 10.Dercitus (Stoeba) verdensis sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 07521b, from Cape Verde Islands, A habit consolidating calcareous substratum B dichocalthrops C sanidasters.

Description: The giant clubsponge. A stalked demosponge found living on soft sediment at depths of 240-1600 m. Item Type: Image Title: Chondrocladia gigantea Copyright: SERPENT Project Species: Chondrocladia gigantea Behaviour: Sessile organism Site: Atlantic -- Norwegian -- Midnattsol Site Description: Seafloor Depth (m): 928 Latitude: 64 deg 00' 59" N Longitude: 5 deg 16' 44" E Countries: Norway -- Norwegian Sector Habitat: Benthic Rig: Transocean Leader Project Partners: Statoil, Oceaneering, Transocean ROV: Magnum 034 (work class) Deposited By: Dr Andrew Gates Deposited On: 16 August 2007

Description: With no hesitations - Platylistrum platessa Schulze, 1904 (Hexactinellida, Amphidiscophora, Pheronematidae). Common at the Kamba and Pweza sites. Item Type: Image Title: Platylistrum platessa Copyright: SERPENT Species: Platylistrum platessa Site: Indian -- Indian Ocean -- East Africa -- Pweza-3 Depth (m): 1382 Latitude: 8 deg 23' 00" S Longitude: 40 deg 04' 00" E Countries: East Africa -- Tanzania Habitat: Benthic Rig: Deep Sea Metro I Project Partners: BG Group, Oceaneering ROV: Millennium 113 Deposited By: Dr Andrew Gates Deposited On: 27 February 2015

Fjellerup Strand Djursland

Figure 1. Large Anoxycalyx joubini at Cape Armitage, McMurdo Station. Two large A. joubini at a depth of 60 m, 1967. A. joubini in photo is approximately 1.75 m tall.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Chondrocladia virgata, Wyville Thomson.

Acanthella corrugata. Whole sponge, viewed olbiquely from above.

Axinella acanthifera. Transverse section of lobe showing axial skeleton and radiating fibers.

Figure 15.Cyamon hamatum sp. n. (Cyamon vickersii sensu Burton and Rao 1932), from S India, A slide BMNH 1931.1.1.19a, labeled ‘Cyamon vickersii (Bow.) Ind. Mus. Coll.’ in Burton’s handwriting B microphoto of section of skeleton made from the slide C characteristic polyactine with recurved hook-like spines on basal cladus and short stubby lateral cladi.

Figure 15Ircinia dendroides. a specimen with typical cylindrical ramifications b details of the skeletal network with cored primary fibres, uncored secondaries forming large cribrose plates, and filaments with the typical apical knob. a modified from Pulitzer-Finali and Pronzato (1980) b modified from Rubió-Lois et al. (1981).

Figure 7.Placospongia mixta holotype (ZMB 3204). A selenaster B large tylostyle (head and blunt end) C small tylostyle (head and hastate end) D spheraster E streptasters F microacanthose microrhabds.

Figure 6.Clathria (Microciona) armata. A Specimen on the surface of the coralligenous block B Large acanthostyle heads C Small acanthostyle D Subtylostyle with spined head E Palmate isochelae F Toxas of variable size, with smooth extremities.

Figure 12.Dercitus (Stoeba) fijiensis sp. n., holotype from ZMUC, A calthrops B dichocalthrops, with type characteristic of the species at the right C sanidasters.

Description: Giant carniverous club sponge Item Type: Image Title: Giant club sponge Copyright: SERPENT project Species: Chondrocladia gigantea Behaviour: Attached to seafloor. Site: Atlantic -- North Sea -- West of Shetland -- TornadoNorth Sea -- West of Shetland -- Tornado Site Description: Seafloor Depth (m): 1050 Latitude: 60 deg 33' 44" N Longitude: 4 deg 27' 23" W Countries: UK -- West of Shetland Habitat: benthic Rig: Stena Carron Project Partners: OMV, Oceaneering, Stena ROV: Magnum 156 Deposited By: Dr Daniel Jones Deposited On: 21 December 2009

Description: With no hesitations - Platylistrum platessa Schulze, 1904 (Hexactinellida, Amphidiscophora, Pheronematidae). Common at the Kamba and Pweza sites Item Type: Image Copyright: SERPENT Species: Platylistrum platessa Site: Indian -- Indian Ocean -- East Africa -- Kamba-1 Site Description: Seafloor Depth (m): 1374 Countries: East Africa -- Tanzania Habitat: benthic Rig: Deep Sea Metro I Project Partners: BG Group, Oceaneering ROV: Millennium 114 Deposited By: Dr Andrew Gates Deposited On: 27 February 2015

Figure 1. Large Anoxycalyx joubini at Cape Armitage, McMurdo Station. Two large A. joubini at a depth of 60 m, 1967. The larger sponge on the right (A. joubini) is approximately 2 m tall.Source: Dayton PK, Kim S, Jarrell SC, Oliver JS, Hammerstrom K, et al. (2013) Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56939. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056939

Tetilla longipilis Topsent.

Acanthella corrugata. From a section vertical to the surface and radial to the margin; below extreme marginal region. Mesial part of lamella and one surface are shown.

Axinella acanthifera. Longitudinal section through subcylindrical lobe, including both surfaces.

Figure 26.Trikentrion africanum sp. n., holotype BMNH 1939.2.20.9, A shape of holotype (scale bar = 1 cm) B details of long thin style C short thin style C1 details of short thin style D various shapes of polyactines E trichodragma E1 detail of trichodragma.

Figure 16Ircinia oros. a specimen with an epibiotic haliclonid (lightest area) b magnifications (LM) of typical irciniid skeletal filaments c schematic drawings of cored primary fibres, uncored secondary network and a filament with the terminal knob. c modified from Rubió-Lois et al. (1981).