Porifera

Acanthella corrugata. Section vertical to the surface and radial to the margin; including margin and both surfaces of the sponge.

Esperiopsis quatsinonensid (found on the sea-beaches of Alaska).

Figure 17Ircinia paucifilamentosa. Peculiar shape of the terminal knobs of filaments in the only available illustration for this species. Modified from Vacelet (1961).

Figure 8.Eurypon denisae. A Tylostyles with variable head B Large acanthostyles C Small acanthostyles D Anisoxeas E Magnifications of the extremities of an anisoxea.

Figure 15.Dercitus (Halinastra) berau sp. n., holotype RMNH 4256, from Indonesia, Kalimantan, A photographed in situ B photographed just after collection (photos N.J. De Voogd).

Cobalt blue sponge (Acanthancora cyanocrypta), surrounding the cucumber Psolus chitinoidesOnce its bright red tentacles have been withdrawn, the cucumber Psolus chitinoides is difficult to see. It is surrounded by the cobalt sponge Acanthancora cyanocrypta, formerly Hymenamphiastra cyanocrypta.

Microciona prolifera. Older, branched form.

Tetilla laminaris. Side view of a small specimen.

Figure 18Ircinia retidermata. a habitus of the type specimen b an underwater image of a living specimen c, d, e different magnifications (LM) of the skeletal network showing cored primary fibres, uncored secondaries, and the typical irciniid filaments f sponge surface finely granulate by mineral debris embedded in a very close fibrillar network. a modified from Pulitzer-Finali and Pronzato (1980).

Figure 9.Eurypon gracilis sp. n. A Holotype B Skeleton C Portion of the skeleton with large and small echinating acanthostyles D Long style E Oxea F Large acanthostyle with scattered small spines G Small acanthostyle.

Figure 16.Dercitus (Halinastra) berau sp. n., holotype RMNH 4256, A Habit after preservation B calthrops C various sanidasters D various aster-like compressed sanidasters.

Aggregated nipple sponge (Polymastia pacifica)A relatively small Aggregated nipple sponge (Polymastia pacifica) . The projections are known as papillae.From: SIMoNLocation (General):Pacific GroveSite (Specific):Lover's PointDate taken:January, 17 2012

Microciona prolifera. Incrusting specimen, with lobes; on oyster shells.

Figure 19Ircinia variabilis. a–c wide array of growth forms in different specimen d skeletal spongin network of primary and secondary fibres, and filaments (LM) e skeletal spongin network of primary and secondary fibres, and filaments (SEM) f magnification of a filament at the terminal knob; g, h regularly and finely sandy sponge surface. d) modified from Pronzato et al. (2004).

Figure 10.Forcepia (Leptolabis) brunnea. A Anisotylotes B Acanthostyles C Symmetric forceps D Asymmetric forceps E Large and small sigmas F Isochelae.

Figure 17.Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 17646, from Japan, Amami-oshima Islands A habit (scale bar 1 cm) B calthrops C sanidasters D compressed sanidasters.

Microcoiona prolifera.

Figure 20Sarcotragus fasciculatus. a living specimen (ca. 7 cm) b type specimen 15499 of the Schmidt’s collection preserved in the Landes Museum Joanneum of Graz c skeletal network without inclusions in primary fibres (detail of b). b, c modified from Pronzato et al. (2004).

Figure 11.Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) rissoi. A Tornote, sometimes modified into subtylotes and strongyles B Acanthostyles C Arcuate isochelae D Thin sigmas.

Figure 18.Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis sp. n., paratype ZMA Por. 19889, from Japan, Ooshima-shinsone, A calthrops B sanidasters C compressed sanidasters.

Indian Deep-Sea Sponges. Hyalonema masoni, from the Bay of Bengal, 1748 fathoms.... Only the upper part of the glass-rope, by which the sponge is anchored to the ooze, is represented, and it is overgrown with barnacles (Scalpellum squamuliferum)

Figure 3Aplysilla rosea. a encrusting conulose specimen ca. 10 cm in diameter b dendritic-arborescent skeleton with ascending spongin fibres of different specimens c details of uncored spongin fibres. c modified from Vacelet (1959).

Figure 12.Mycale (Paresperella) serrulata. A–B Mycalostyles B Large anisochelae C Small anisochelae D Magnifications of the serrated edge of a sigma.

Figure 21.Dercitus (Halinastra) arubensis sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 08984, from Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, A habit insinuating and encrusting coral rubble B various calthrops C overview of spicules D sanidasters E compressed sanidasters F smooth and spined microrhabds.