Multiclavula

Mushroom Observer Image 285434: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Slo.: ? - syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers. - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant trees Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; at the foot of steep mountain slope, southeast oriented terrain, locally almost flat ground consisting of overgrown calcareous scree, rocks and boulders; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, dead, water soaked trunk of Picea abies in the last stage of disintegration lying on ground. - Comments: Most sources consider this species as rare, however in Bovec region it doesn't seem so. I've found it several times. One could consider it as frequently overlooked species partly because it is really small and because its sporocarps are very ephemeral. However, on other side, it usually thrives gregariously in hundreds of sporocarps, which is, because of their white color contrasting to usually darkly colored rotten wood, quite easy to observe. This interesting fungus grows in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens. While in true lichens algae are internal to fungi body, algae associated with Multiclavula mucida grow externally to the fungus on the same substratum. Algae can be observed like a thin layer of something green spreading around fungi sporocarps. M. mucida is also a rare example of symbiosis of a basidiomycete and algae. Vast majority of lichens is an association of ascomycete with algae. - Growing in groups of many fruit bodies; sporocarps up to 4 - 7 mm high and about 0.8 mm in diameter; most sporocarps are single, but some are branched into 2 (5) tips; no distinctive smell; taste slightly bitter; SP faint, whitish. - Measured spores are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps). All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key (Ref.:(4)), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which doesn't have hypha clamps, M. coronilla, which is terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. Therefore this measured spore width remains a secret to me. - Spores smooth; dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.9) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 2.0 (SD = 0.16), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, congo red. Basidia oblong with narrow, stalk like, base and with clamps; dimensions: 20.1 (SD = 1.9) x 7.0 (SD = 0.9) , n = 18. Hypha diameter 3.3 (SD = 0.4) , n= 30, with clamps, seems monomitic. NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D.Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.

Mushroom Observer Image 458870: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Mushroom Observer Image 570901: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Mushroom Observer Image 570902: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Slo.: ? - syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers. - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant trees Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; at the foot of steep mountain slope, southeast oriented terrain, locally almost flat ground consisting of overgrown calcareous scree, rocks and boulders; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, dead, water soaked trunk of Picea abies in the last stage of disintegration lying on ground. - Comments: Most sources consider this species as rare, however in Bovec region it doesn't seem so. I've found it several times. One could consider it as frequently overlooked species partly because it is really small and because its sporocarps are very ephemeral. However, on other side, it usually thrives gregariously in hundreds of sporocarps, which is, because of their white color contrasting to usually darkly colored rotten wood, quite easy to observe. This interesting fungus grows in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens. While in true lichens algae are internal to fungi body, algae associated with Multiclavula mucida grow externally to the fungus on the same substratum. Algae can be observed like a thin layer of something green spreading around fungi sporocarps. M. mucida is also a rare example of symbiosis of a basidiomycete and algae. Vast majority of lichens is an association of ascomycete with algae. - Growing in groups of many fruit bodies; sporocarps up to 4 - 7 mm high and about 0.8 mm in diameter; most sporocarps are single, but some are branched into 2 (5) tips; no distinctive smell; taste slightly bitter; SP faint, whitish. - Measured spores are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps). All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key (Ref.:(4)), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which doesn't have hypha clamps, M. coronilla, which is terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. Therefore this measured spore width remains a secret to me. - Spores smooth; dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.9) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 2.0 (SD = 0.16), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, congo red. Basidia oblong with narrow, stalk like, base and with clamps; dimensions: 20.1 (SD = 1.9) x 7.0 (SD = 0.9) , n = 18. Hypha diameter 3.3 (SD = 0.4) , n= 30, with clamps, seems monomitic. NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D.Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.

Mushroom Observer Image 570903: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Mushroom Observer Image 570904: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Slo.: ? - syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers. - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant trees Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; at the foot of steep mountain slope, southeast oriented terrain, locally almost flat ground consisting of overgrown calcareous scree, rocks and boulders; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, dead, water soaked trunk of Picea abies in the last stage of disintegration lying on ground. - Comments: Most sources consider this species as rare, however in Bovec region it doesn't seem so. I've found it several times. One could consider it as frequently overlooked species partly because it is really small and because its sporocarps are very ephemeral. However, on other side, it usually thrives gregariously in hundreds of sporocarps, which is, because of their white color contrasting to usually darkly colored rotten wood, quite easy to observe. This interesting fungus grows in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens. While in true lichens algae are internal to fungi body, algae associated with Multiclavula mucida grow externally to the fungus on the same substratum. Algae can be observed like a thin layer of something green spreading around fungi sporocarps. M. mucida is also a rare example of symbiosis of a basidiomycete and algae. Vast majority of lichens is an association of ascomycete with algae. - Growing in groups of many fruit bodies; sporocarps up to 4 - 7 mm high and about 0.8 mm in diameter; most sporocarps are single, but some are branched into 2 (5) tips; no distinctive smell; taste slightly bitter; SP faint, whitish. - Measured spores are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps). All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key (Ref.:(4)), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which doesn't have hypha clamps, M. coronilla, which is terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. Therefore this measured spore width remains a secret to me. - Spores smooth; dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.9) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 2.0 (SD = 0.16), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, congo red. Basidia oblong with narrow, stalk like, base and with clamps; dimensions: 20.1 (SD = 1.9) x 7.0 (SD = 0.9) , n = 18. Hypha diameter 3.3 (SD = 0.4) , n= 30, with clamps, seems monomitic. NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D.Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.

Mushroom Observer Image 599597: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Mushroom Observer Image 707039: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Slo.: ? - syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers. - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant trees Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; at the foot of steep mountain slope, southeast oriented terrain, locally almost flat ground consisting of overgrown calcareous scree, rocks and boulders; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, dead, water soaked trunk of Picea abies in the last stage of disintegration lying on ground. - Comments: Most sources consider this species as rare, however in Bovec region it doesn't seem so. I've found it several times. One could consider it as frequently overlooked species partly because it is really small and because its sporocarps are very ephemeral. However, on other side, it usually thrives gregariously in hundreds of sporocarps, which is, because of their white color contrasting to usually darkly colored rotten wood, quite easy to observe. This interesting fungus grows in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens. While in true lichens algae are internal to fungi body, algae associated with Multiclavula mucida grow externally to the fungus on the same substratum. Algae can be observed like a thin layer of something green spreading around fungi sporocarps. M. mucida is also a rare example of symbiosis of a basidiomycete and algae. Vast majority of lichens is an association of ascomycete with algae. - Growing in groups of many fruit bodies; sporocarps up to 4 - 7 mm high and about 0.8 mm in diameter; most sporocarps are single, but some are branched into 2 (5) tips; no distinctive smell; taste slightly bitter; SP faint, whitish. - Measured spores are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps). All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key (Ref.:(4)), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which doesn't have hypha clamps, M. coronilla, which is terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. Therefore this measured spore width remains a secret to me. - Spores smooth; dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.9) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 2.0 (SD = 0.16), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, congo red. Basidia oblong with narrow, stalk like, base and with clamps; dimensions: 20.1 (SD = 1.9) x 7.0 (SD = 0.9) , n = 18. Hypha diameter 3.3 (SD = 0.4) , n= 30, with clamps, seems monomitic. NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D.Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.

Mushroom Observer Image 825089: Multiclavula mucida (Pers.) R.H. Petersen

Slo.: ? - syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers. - Habitat: Mixed wood, dominant trees Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; at the foot of steep mountain slope, southeast oriented terrain, locally almost flat ground consisting of overgrown calcareous scree, rocks and boulders; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 625 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: large, dead, water soaked trunk of Picea abies in the last stage of disintegration lying on ground. - Comments: Most sources consider this species as rare, however in Bovec region it doesn't seem so. I've found it several times. One could consider it as frequently overlooked species partly because it is really small and because its sporocarps are very ephemeral. However, on other side, it usually thrives gregariously in hundreds of sporocarps, which is, because of their white color contrasting to usually darkly colored rotten wood, quite easy to observe. This interesting fungus grows in symbiosis with algae (Coccomyxa) similar to lichens. While in true lichens algae are internal to fungi body, algae associated with Multiclavula mucida grow externally to the fungus on the same substratum. Algae can be observed like a thin layer of something green spreading around fungi sporocarps. M. mucida is also a rare example of symbiosis of a basidiomycete and algae. Vast majority of lichens is an association of ascomycete with algae. - Growing in groups of many fruit bodies; sporocarps up to 4 - 7 mm high and about 0.8 mm in diameter; most sporocarps are single, but some are branched into 2 (5) tips; no distinctive smell; taste slightly bitter; SP faint, whitish. - Measured spores are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps). All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key (Ref.:(4)), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which doesn't have hypha clamps, M. coronilla, which is terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. Therefore this measured spore width remains a secret to me. - Spores smooth; dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.9) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 2.0 (SD = 0.16), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, congo red. Basidia oblong with narrow, stalk like, base and with clamps; dimensions: 20.1 (SD = 1.9) x 7.0 (SD = 0.9) , n = 18. Hypha diameter 3.3 (SD = 0.4) , n= 30, with clamps, seems monomitic. NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis-C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D.Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.

Slo.: ? - Determination uncertain! Habitat: mixed forest, shady, humid and cool place, N exposed, on horizontal to vertical surface, precipitations >3.000 mm/year, partly protected from direct rain Substrates: rotten, debarked log of a deciduous tree

Slo.: ? - Determination uncertain! Habitat: mixed forest, shady, humid and cool place, N exposed, on horizontal to vertical surface, precipitations >3.000 mm/year, partly protected from direct rain Substrates: rotten, debarked log of a deciduous tree

Slo.: ? - Determination uncertain! Habitat: mixed forest, shady, humid and cool place, N exposed, on horizontal to vertical surface, precipitations >3.000 mm/year, partly protected from direct rain Substrates: rotten, debarked log of a deciduous tree

Slo.: ? - Determination uncertain! Habitat: mixed forest, shady, humid and cool place, N exposed, on horizontal to vertical surface, precipitations >3.000 mm/year, partly protected from direct rain Substrates: rotten, debarked log of a deciduous tree

Slo.: ? - Determination uncertain! Habitat: mixed forest, shady, humid and cool place, N exposed, on horizontal to vertical surface, precipitations >3.000 mm/year, partly protected from direct rain Substrates: rotten, debarked log of a deciduous tree

Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage.Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature' in this observation and compare album Multiclavula mucida - I/ observation No.157303). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate.Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594.(6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.

Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature' in this observation and compare album Multiclavula mucida - I/ observation No.157303). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.

Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature' in this observation and compare album Multiclavula mucida - I/ observation No.157303). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.

Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature' in this observation and compare album Multiclavula mucida - I/ observation No.157303). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.

Syn.: Lentaria mucida (Pers.) Corner, Clavaria mucida Pers - Habitat: Alpine valley, semiruderal grassland in front of a farm house; shallow, calcareous ground; flat terrain; partly sunny; cold place in shade of mountain during winter months; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: stump of a cut down, old Juglans regia in its final disintegration stage. Comments: This is my second observation where I measured spores and the second time where they are definitely wider than they should be for M. mucida (see graph 'Measured spore dimensions and data from literature'). Measured spores originated from tiny but clear spore pint produced by the sporocarps. All sources I found consistently state that spore width should not exceed 3.0 (3.2) m. According to the key in Ref.:(4), only three other Multiclavula species (among 13 treated) fit to the spore dimensions of this observation: M. fossicola, which is terrestrial and has larger basidia (see MycoBank), M. coronilla, which is also terrestrial and M. clara, which is not white but pale orange. In addition MycoBank disagrees with Ref.4. in stating M. fossicola maximal spore width no more than 2.7(3.0) microns. Therefore the measured spore width remains a secret to me and casts some doubt in the determination. Sporocarps also seem quite frequently branched, more than stated in most sources for typical Multiclavula mucida. Substrate is also interesting. Most my other observations of this species in the Upper Soa River region involve Picea abies as substrate. Spores smooth; dimensions: 6.4 [7.4 ; 7.7] 8.7 x 2.8 [3.2 ; 3.3] 3.7 microns; Q = 2 [2.3 ; 2.4] 2.6; N = 44; C = 95%; Me = 7.6 x 3.2 microns; Qe = 2.3. Basidia multiguttulate, sterigmata 4, oblong with narrow, stalk like, base; dimensions: 15.9 [19 ; 21.2] 24.3 x 4.3 [5 ; 5.5] 6.3 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.5 ; 4.2] 5.1; N = 15; C = 95%; Me = 20.1 x 5.3 microns; Qe = 3.9 (25-30 x 7-8 m according to Ref.: 3). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, cotton blue. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 342. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 43. (3) R.H. Petersen, Multiclavula mucida, Bull. New Zealand Dept. Sci. Industr.Res. 236 (1988), p 85, access available at www.mycobank.com . (4) The key based on R.H. Petersen, Notes on Clavarioid Fungi. VII. Redefinition of the Clavaria vernalis - C. mucida, American Midland Naturalist (1967), 77.1, pp 205-221, modified by A. Rockefeller, J. Hollinger, D. Newman, available at Mushroom Observer. (5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 594. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 636. (7) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 542. (8) M.P. Nelsen, Noteworthy collection, Michigan, Multiclavula vernalis, Multiclavula mucida, The Michigan Botanist, Vol.46. (2009), p 124. (9) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 613.