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Shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an insect pest ofsorghum in Asia and Africa. In India the species was originally described as indica by Malloch (1923). Subsequently Hennig (1965) proposed that all African, Indian and Mediterranean populations from sorghum belonged to a single species called varia ssp. soccata Rondani. Pont (1972) reviewed oriental species of Atherigona and demonstrated soccata as a good single species rather than a subspecies and synonymized all the other names such as Atherigona indica, A. varia and A. varia soccata which were in use in literatures until then. Thereafter, the species has been referred to as A. soccata which was originally described by Rondani in 1871.
Atherigona soccata, the sorghum shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae whose larvae feed on the central growing shoots of millet crops like sorghum and finger millet, as well as maize, where they can cause serious loss of yield across Africa and Asia.[1]
Sorghum is grown mainly in Africa and Asia with some areas also in southern Europe. The adult fly lays eggs on the underside of the leaf of the host plant. A female may lay about 75 eggs. The eggs hatch in a week and the larva moves to the central whorl and feeds on the growing tip, resulting in the plant failing to grow. The larvae pupate after about 17 days and adults may emerge after another 11 days under warm conditions.[2] Many efforts have been made to breed crop varieties that are resistant to shoot fly attack.[3] Altering the season of planting can also be effective under some conditions as the flies only attack young seedlings. The adults can be monitored using bait consisting of fish-meal (with fish oil), brewer's yeast and ammonium sulphide.[4] Attempts have also been made to augment natural predators and parasites to manage or reduce damage to crops.[5]
Atherigona soccata, the sorghum shoot fly, is a species of fly in the family Muscidae whose larvae feed on the central growing shoots of millet crops like sorghum and finger millet, as well as maize, where they can cause serious loss of yield across Africa and Asia.
Sorghum is grown mainly in Africa and Asia with some areas also in southern Europe. The adult fly lays eggs on the underside of the leaf of the host plant. A female may lay about 75 eggs. The eggs hatch in a week and the larva moves to the central whorl and feeds on the growing tip, resulting in the plant failing to grow. The larvae pupate after about 17 days and adults may emerge after another 11 days under warm conditions. Many efforts have been made to breed crop varieties that are resistant to shoot fly attack. Altering the season of planting can also be effective under some conditions as the flies only attack young seedlings. The adults can be monitored using bait consisting of fish-meal (with fish oil), brewer's yeast and ammonium sulphide. Attempts have also been made to augment natural predators and parasites to manage or reduce damage to crops.
Atherigona soccata, la mouche du sorgho, est une espèce d'insectes diptères de la famille des Muscidae.
Cette mouche, originaire de l'Ancien Monde, est un parasite du sorgho cultivé, du maïs et de diverses autres espèces de graminées. Elle peut causer des dégâts importants sur les cultures de sorgho dans les régions tropicales semi-arides.
La femelle adulte mesure environ 3 à 3,5 mm de long. le corps est gris brun, avec l'abdomen et les pattes jaunes. La larve (asticot), très allongée, d'environ 6,5 mm de long présente deux lobes spiraculaires postérieurs noirs[3] et des pièces buccales noires.
Cette mouche attaque les jeunes plants de graminées, principalement du sorgho, aussitôt après la levée. Elle pond ses œufs sous les feuilles. Dès leur éclosion, les larves pénètrent dans la plantule et creusent des galeries dans la tige, se nourrissant des tissus végétaux puis des moisissures qu se développent dans les galeries. Cela provoque chez la plante le syndrome du « cœur mort », avec le dessèchement des feuilles centrales[4].
Atherigona soccata, la mouche du sorgho, est une espèce d'insectes diptères de la famille des Muscidae.
Cette mouche, originaire de l'Ancien Monde, est un parasite du sorgho cultivé, du maïs et de diverses autres espèces de graminées. Elle peut causer des dégâts importants sur les cultures de sorgho dans les régions tropicales semi-arides.
La femelle adulte mesure environ 3 à 3,5 mm de long. le corps est gris brun, avec l'abdomen et les pattes jaunes. La larve (asticot), très allongée, d'environ 6,5 mm de long présente deux lobes spiraculaires postérieurs noirs et des pièces buccales noires.
Cette mouche attaque les jeunes plants de graminées, principalement du sorgho, aussitôt après la levée. Elle pond ses œufs sous les feuilles. Dès leur éclosion, les larves pénètrent dans la plantule et creusent des galeries dans la tige, se nourrissant des tissus végétaux puis des moisissures qu se développent dans les galeries. Cela provoque chez la plante le syndrome du « cœur mort », avec le dessèchement des feuilles centrales.
Atherigona soccata adolah langau dari famili Muscidae. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Lambrecht (1980: 369) mampakiroan bahwa famili Muscidae barasal dari maso Perm, walaupun alun ditamuan fosil nan labiah tuo dari maso Eosen.
Atherigona soccata adolah langau dari famili Muscidae. Langau iko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Atherigona soccata is een vliegensoort uit de familie van de echte vliegen (Muscidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1871 door Rondani.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Atherigona soccata[1] este o specie de muște din genul Atherigona, familia Muscidae, descrisă de Camillo Rondani în anul 1871.[1][2] Conform Catalogue of Life specia Atherigona soccata nu are subspecii cunoscute.[1]
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Atherigona soccata este o specie de muște din genul Atherigona, familia Muscidae, descrisă de Camillo Rondani în anul 1871. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Atherigona soccata nu are subspecii cunoscute.
