Viruses

This negatively-stained 1975 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus virions in this tissue specimen. VEE is a Togaviridae family member, and a member of the genus Alphavirus.Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a mosquito-borne viral disease. EEE virus (EEEV) occurs in the eastern half of the United States where it causes disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Because of the high mortality rate, EEE is regarded as one of the most serious mosquito-borne diseases in the United States.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the internal cross-sectional structural morphology of a rabies virion (arrow) in this central nervous system tissue specimen. The virion is adjacent to a Negri body, which is pathognomonic in the positive diagnosis for Rabies. The virus infects the central nervous system, causing encephalopathy and ultimately death. Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-sense single-stranded RNA ((-) ssRNA) genomes. Within this group, viruses with a distinct "bullet" shape are classified in the Rhabdoviridae family, which includes at least three genera of animal viruses, Lyssavirus, Ephemerovirus, and Vesiculovirus. The genus Lyssavirus includes rabies virus, Lagos bat, Mokola virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat virus 1 & 2 and Australian bat virus.Created: 1975

This negatively-stained 1975 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus virions in this tissue specimen, which had additionaly been fixed using phosphotungstic acid (PTA). This chemical is very electron-dense, and due to proposed electrostatic forces of attraction, clings to the capsid surface of each viral particle or virion, thereby, highlighting the presence of such pathogens. VEE is a Togaviridae family member, and a member of the genus Alphavirus.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the nucleocapsid morphologic features displayed by the human parainfluenza virus Type-4a (HPIV-4), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. These viruses possess a genome consisting of negative-sense single-stranded RNA ((-) ssRNA).Each of the four HPIVs has different clinical and epidemiologic features. The most distinctive clinical feature of HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 is croup (i.e., laryngotracheobronchitis); HPIV-1 is the leading cause of croup in children, whereas HPIV-2 is less frequently detected. Both HPIV-1 and -2 can cause other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses. HPIV-3 is more often associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. HPIV-4 is infrequently detected, possibly because it is less likely to cause severe disease. The incubation period for HPIVs is generally from 1 to 7 days.Created: 1975

This 1975 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus virions that happened to be in a specimen of central nervous system tissue. EEE is a zoonotic arbovirus, which means that it’s spead to human beings through the bite of an infected mosquito. EEE virus (EEEV) occurs in the eastern half of the United States where it causes disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Because of the high mortality rate, EEE is regarded as one of the most serious mosquito-borne diseases in the United States. EEE is a Togaviridae virus family member, and the genus Alphavirus.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of the human parainfluenza type 4A virus (HPIV-4A), which like the mumps virus, is also a Paramyxoviridae family member, and a member of the genus, Rubulavirus.Created: 1975

This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous Semliki Forest virus virions, which were present in a muscle tissue specimen. Named for the region in which they were isolate from mosquitoes, the Semliki Forest, Uganda, this virus is a Togaviridae family member, and the genus, Alphavirus.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of the human parainfluenza type 4A virus (HPIV-4A), which like the mumps virus, is also a Paramyxoviridae family member, and a member of the genus, Rubulavirus.Created: 1975

This 1975 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus virions in this specimen of central nervous system tissue. EEE is an zoonotic arbovirus, which means that it’s spead to human beings through the bite of an infected arthropod, which in this case, is a mosquito. EEE virus (EEEV) occurs in the eastern half of the United States where it causes disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Because of the high mortality rate, EEE is regarded as one of the most serious mosquito-borne diseases in the United States. EEE is a Togaviridae virus family member, and the genus Alphavirus.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous paramyxovirus virions, which in this instance, were responsible for a case of the mumps. Paramyxoviruses are members of the family, Paramyxoviridae, and those that cause mumps in humans belong to the genus, Rubulavirus. The virus itself can present itself in a number of morphologic shapes, including spherical, and stand-like, or filamentous, ranging from 150nm to 200nm in diameter, and 1000nm to 10000nm in length. At its core lies a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome.Created: 1975

This 1975 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus virions in this tissue specimen. EEE is an zoonotic arbovirus, which means that it’s spead to human beings through the bite of an infected arthropod, which in this case, is a mosquito. EEE virus (EEEV) occurs in the eastern half of the United States where it causes disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Because of the high mortality rate, EEE is regarded as one of the most serious mosquito-borne diseases in the United States. EEE is a Togaviridae virus family member, and the genus Alphavirus.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous paramyxovirus virions, which in this instance, were responsible for a case of the mumps. Paramyxoviruses are members of the family, Paramyxoviridae, and those that cause mumps in humans belong to the genus, Rubulavirus. The virus itself can present itself in a number of morphologic shapes, including spherical, and stand-like, or filamentous, ranging from 150nm to 200nm in diameter, and 1000nm to 10000nm in length. At its core lies a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicted numbers of Lassa virus virions adjacent to some cell debris. The virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus, and is zoonotic, or animal-borne that can be transmitted to humans. The illness, which occurs in West Africa, was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, West Africa.In areas of Africa where the disease is endemic (that is, constantly present), Lassa fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While Lassa fever is mild or has no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. Lassa fever is also associated with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50%.Created:

Under a highly magnified view of 168,000x this transmission electron micrographic (TEM) image revealed ultrastructural details of a Nipah virus nucleocapsid, a virus which was named for the location in Malaysia where it was first isolated.Created: 1999

This highly magnified transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicted some of the ultrastructural details of a number of Lassa virus virions adjacent to some cell debris. The virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus, and is zoonotic, or animal-borne that can be transmitted to humans. The illness, which occurs in West Africa, was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria, West Africa.In areas of Africa where the disease is endemic (that is, constantly present), Lassa fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While Lassa fever is mild or has no observable symptoms in about 80% of people infected with the virus, the remaining 20% have a severe multisystem disease. Lassa fever is also associated with occasional epidemics, during which the case-fatality rate can reach 50%.Created:

This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous hepatitis B virus (HBV) virions, also know as Dane particles. HBV contains a genome of DNA, and is a member of the family of viruses known as Hepadnaviridae. It is the cause of a serious disease that attacks the liver, and an infection that can be lifelong, known as cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Hepatitis B vaccine is available for all age groups to prevent hepatitis B virus infection.Created: 1976

This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of numerous Russian spring-summer encephalitis (RSSE) virions, which are members of the virus family, Flaviviridae. RSSE is transmitted when one is bitten by a Ixodes persulcatus hard tick, and is therefore, referred to as a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the morphologic details displayed by the Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), a member of the genus Coltivirus, one of nine genera of the virus family known as the Reoviridae. Coltivirus particles are ˜80 nm in diameter and have a core ˜50 nm in diameter. Electron microscopic studies have shown particles with a relatively smooth capsomeric surface structure, and icosahedral symmetry.Created: 1975

This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the morphologic details displayed by the Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV), a member of the genus Coltivirus, one of nine genera of the virus family known as the Reoviridae. Coltivirus particles are ˜80 nm in diameter and have a core ˜50 nm in diameter. Electron microscopic studies have shown particles with a relatively smooth capsomeric surface structure, and icosahedral symmetry.Created: 1975