In recent years, research on the genus Trimeresurus has revealed a number of instances of paraphyly and cryptic species. As of 2007, the species included in Trimeresurus sensu lato (Brattstrom 1964) had been separated into 11 different genera, although fewer genera are now generally recognized as a result of new phylogenetic data (e.g., Malhotra and Thorpe 2004 a,b,2005, Guo et al. 2007 and references therein; Guo et al. 2009; Hoser 2012 and references therein).